روشؔ صدیقی
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ روش صدیقی نے دفعتہ انتقال کیا، مرحوم اپنے اوصاف اور خصوصیات میں منفرد تھے، جس کی مثال اس دور کے شعراء میں کم ملے گی، وہ جس درجہ کے شاعر تھے، اسی درجہ کے انسان بھی تھے، ان کی موت سے ایک باکمال شاعر ہی نہیں بلکہ اخلاق و شرافت کا ایک پیکر اٹھ گیا، ان میں مشرق تہذیب کی ساری خوبیاں اور وضعداریاں جمع تھیں، شاعری میں ان کا پایہ بہت بلند تھا، وہ صاحب طرز شاعر تھے، سیکڑوں شعراء میں ان کا کلام ممتاز نظر آتا تھا، وہ ان شعراء میں تھے جن سے شاعری کا بھرم اور وقار قائم تھا، ان کو نظم اور غزل دونوں میں یکساں قدرت حاصل تھی، ان کی نظموں میں تغزل کی لطافت و رنگینی اور غزلوں میں تغزل کے کیف و سرور کے ساتھ نظم کا شکوہ و تجمل ہوتا تھا، ان کی فارسی استعداد بہت اچھی تھی، اور اس کا سارا حسن ان کے کلام میں جلوہ گر تھا، ظاہری حسن کے ساتھ معنوی حیثیت سے اس میں بڑی بلندی اور پاکیزگی تھی، اور وہ ان من الشعر الحکمۃ وانٔ من البیان السحر کا مصداق تھا، مذہب میں راسخ العقیدہ اور عملاً پابند مذہب مرد مومن تھے، اس سے ان کو دنیاوی نقصان بھی اٹھانا پڑا، مگر اس کی انھوں نے مطلق پروا نہ کی، ان کی شخصیت بڑی دلآویز تھی، چھوٹا سا قد ہنستا ہوا شگفتہ و شاداب چہرہ اس پر اخلاص و محبت کی موجیں دل کو کھنچ لیتی تھیں، دارالمصنفین کے کارکنوں سے ان کو بڑا مخلصانہ تعلق تھا، جب اعظم گڑھ کے نواح میں آنا ہوتا تو ملنے کے لئے ضرور آتے تھے، ادھر ڈیڑھ دو سال سے ملاقات نہیں ہوئی تھی، ایک دن دفعتہ ریڈیو نے ان کی مرگ ناگہانی کی خبر سنائی، اس کو...
The Qur'an is the verses of Allah, which Allah Himself has taken assurance to keep safe. And there is no any other opinion in saying that the Holy Qur'an is still safe today as the prophet Muhammadصلى الله عليه وسلم taught to his Companions. Thereafter, it is also obligatory to follow the Qur'anic punctuation and pronunciation during the recitation of holy Quran same as mandatories mentioned in Quran o Hadith and ijma-e-ummah to earnest reading of the Qur'an. The Arabs were linguists, so they stop to the proper place, understanding the meaning. But for the nonArabs, it was a very difficult matter. Therefore, for the onvenience of the people, Allama Sajawandi put symbols in different places in the mus'haf so that these symbols can be dedicated in a suitable place keeping in mind and avoid spiritual error. Allama Sajawandi not only wrote many books on this topic but was the first to formulate endowment symbols on the Holy Quran. He Divide the symbols into five steps and apply them to the Mus'haf, Which are written still today.
In this work, we investigate localized defect modes in long Josephson junctions (LJJs) with phase shifts. To study LJJs, we consider inhomogeneous sine-Gordon equations modeling infinitely long Josephson junctions and are driven by a variety of ac-direct andparametricdrives. Perturbationtechniquetogetherwithmultiplescaleexpansions is applied to attain the amplitude equations for slowly oscillations. The obtained oscillation amplitudes decay with time due to radiative damping and emission of high harmonicradiations. Theappropriateexternaldrivesareappliedtore-balancethedissipative and radiative losses. The excitation by direct and parametric drives with frequencies to be either in the vicinity or double of the natural frequency are discussed. It is observed that the external applied drives stabilize the non-linear damping, producing a stable breather mode oscillations. It is also confirmed that the driving frequency lies in the vicinity of the natural mode frequency is much more effective than that of twice the natural mode frequency. Particularly, the phase discontinuities, socalled0−π−0and0−κ junctionsarestudied. Numericalsimulationsareperformed, where novel results are obtained. Next, we consider the external driving force to be rapidly oscillating and applying technique of perturbation together with method of averaging to obtain an average non-linear dynamics, which illustrate the slowly varying dynamics of the considered equations. Theobtainedequationsaredoublesin-Gordonequationswhichshowsome novel characteristics for the junctions under the influence of the considered external ac-drives. Weanalyzethethresholddistanceof0−π−0junctionsandthecriticalbias current in 0−κ junctions in the presence of direct and parametric ac-drives. We also use the Euler-Lagrange approximation to discuss the localized modes in long Josephson junctions for both the junctions in an infinite domain, in the presence of a variety of dynamics. WefurtherstudythelocalizedmodesinlongJosephsonjunctionswithdouble-wellpotential, so-called 0−π−0−π−0 junctions. The system is illustrated by an inhomogeneoussine-Gordonequationwithparametricdrives. Itisobservedthat,theobtained amplitude equations decay with time due to radiative damping and emission of high harmonic radiations in the presence of double well. It is concluded that the energy taken away from the internal mode by radiation can be balanced by either applying direct or parametric drives. The external drives are applied to re-balance the dissipative and radiative losses. We discuss in detail the excitation by parametric drives with frequenciestobeeitherinthevicinityordoubleofthenaturalfrequencyofthesystem. Itisnotedthatthepresenceofexternallyapplieddrivesstabilizesthenonlineardamping,producingstablebreathermodes. Furthermore,inthepresenceofexternaldriving, the driving effect is more stronger for the case of driving frequency nearly equal to the system natural frequency as compared to that of the driving frequency nearly equal to twice the frequency of the oscillatory mode.