ڈاکٹر مختار احمدانصاری مرحوم
۹؍ مئی ۱۹۳۶ء کی شام کو سات بجے کے قریب میں ڈیرہ دون کی ایک سڑک سے گزر رہا تھا کہ پیچھے سے ایک موٹر تیزی سے آئی اور نکل گئی، میں نے دیکھا کہ اس پر ڈاکٹر انصاری بیٹھے ہیں، سرکھلا تھا اور چہرہ سے بے حد تکان معلوم ہوتا تھا، رات گزر گئی اور صبح کو ان کی قیام گاہ کی تلاش کی، معلوم ہوا کہ وہ رات ہی دلّی چلے گئے، لیکن جب شام ہوئی تو معلوم ہوا کہ وہ رات دلّی نہیں گئے، راستہ سے سیدھے جنت کو سدھارے، دل دھڑکا آنکھیں پرنم ہوئیں اور سینہ سے آہ کا ایک شعلہ اٹھا، جس نے صبر و تمکین کی متاع کو جلا کر خاکستر بنادیا۔
ڈاکٹر مختار احمد انصاری گو نسب و وطن کے لحاظ سے ضلع غازی پور کے ایک ممتاز قصبہ یوسف پور کے ایک نہایت شریف خاندان سے تھے، مگر در حقیقت ان کا تعلق پورے ہندوستان سے تھا، اس یوسف کا کنعان، وہ محدود مقام نہ تھا، جس کو یوسف پور کہتے ہیں، بلکہ پورا ہندوستان تھا، اسی لئے آج پورے ہندوستان نے ان کی موت کا ماتم کیا، کیا مسلمان، کیا ہندو، کیا سکھ، کیا عیسائی سب نے یہی جانا کہ آج ان کا حقیقی بھائی اس دنیا سے چل بسا۔
میں نے ڈاکٹر انصاری کو سب سے پہلے ۱۹۱۲ء میں اس وقت دیکھا جب وہ بلقان کی جنگ میں طبی وفد لے کر ترکی جارہے تھے اور اس تقریب سے لکھنؤ اسٹیشن سے گزر رہے تھے، مولانا شبلی اور بہت سے لوگ لکھنؤ اسٹیشن پر ڈاکٹر صاحب کو الوداع کہنے گئے تھے، اس وقت ڈاکٹر صاحب کی عمر ۳۰، ۳۲ برس کی تھی، کھلتا ہوا رنگ، دُبلا پتلا چھریرا بدن کشیدہ قامت، ہنستا چہرہ، انوری یا قیصری مونچھیں، جسم پر چست خاکی وردی،...
The abundance of technology nowadays is contributing to the development of learning practices. This gives learners greater opportunity to find, access, and use resources to benefit learning. Open educational resources (OER) are one of the few educational developments that emerged with technology. While it is true that there are a lot of OERs available on the internet, it is unsure how many learners are aware of their existence. This research aimed to identify how many students are aware of OERs, where they use OERs, and whether the educational institution encourages OERs. The researchers surveyed several students within the University of the Philippines Open University. The survey included learner demographics, statistics on learners' awareness and usage of OERs, learners' OER access locations, and the challenges they encounter when using OERs. The survey showed that the learners, regardless of age, are aware of OERs. They mostly access videos, research, and journals on web pages and Wikis. They find the OERs accessible and relevant, but reliability and visibility are challenging.
The objective of the current project was to establish an economical method utilizing peels of kinnow (Citrus reticulata) and lemon (Citrus limon) for decolorization of synthetic dyes and industrial effluents. Firstly, both peroxidases extracted from Citrus reticulata (CRP) and Citrus limon (CLP) were characterized in terms of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The optimum pH for both the enzymes was determined to be 6.0 whereas the temperature optima were 55 and 45 0 C, respectively for CRP and CLP. The values of K m and V max for guaiacol oxidation for CRP were recorded to be 0.66 and 380 μmol/mL/min, whereas for CLP they were recorded as 2.70 mM and 2222 μmol/mL/min, respectively. Results regarding thermostability showed that both enzymes were fairly stable at 60 0 C but at 80 0 C, CRP retained 58 % while CLP retained 37 % of its activity after 60 min. The energy of activation for thermal denaturation was found to be 95.85 and 77.27 kJ/mol for CRP and CLP, respectively. Metal ions like, Mg 2+ , Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , Al 3+ and one of the surfactants, Lemon max behaved as activator whereas Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Hg 2+ , Triton X-100, Tween-80, SDS, Brite total, Surf excel, Rin behaved as an inhibitor for both CRP and CLP. Besides this, inhibitory effect of urea, sodium azide and EDTA was also reported for both CRP and CLP. Secondly, both the enzymes were utilized for degradation of synthetic dyes. Using CRP, 88.92 % decolorization was achieved for Remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR) at pH, temperature, enzyme dose, H 2 O 2 , dye and p-coumaric acid concentarion of 4.0, 35 0 C and 18 U/mL, 0.125 mM, 50 mg/L, 0.1 mM, respectively within 5 min. Whereas for Golden yellow PRA (GYPRA) pH of 2.0, temperature of 40 0 C, enzyme does of 24 U/mL, H 2 O 2 concentration of 0.375 mM dye concentration of 100 mg/L and vanillin concentration of 0.05 mM were determined as optimum to attain 95.98 % decolorization within 5 min. On the other hand, CLP decolorized 85.97 % of Brilliant yellow (BY) and 96.34 % of Crystal violet (CV) respectively at pH 5.0 and 4.5, temperature 50 and 45 0 C, enzyme dose 24 and 42 U/mL, dye concentration 18.75 and 7.5 mg/L, syringaldehyde 0.025 mM and p-coumaric acid 0.5 mM, at 0.25 mM H 2 O 2 with in 10 and 5 min. The degradation products of BY and CV were also identified by LC/MS analysis. The optimizations and interactive effects of pH, enzyme dose and dye concentration for % decolorization of all four dyes were also investigated by RSM through CCD. The CLP was also employed for complete degradation of two effluents under the optimized conditions of pH 2.0 and 3.0, temperature 45 and 40 0 C, enzyme dose 18 and 24 U/mL and time of incubation of vi20 and 60 min, respectively for Effluent 1 and 2. Finally, phytotoxicity of the effluents and their degraded samples was also evaluated for Zea mays. It was observed that the degraded effluent samples were less toxic than the original ones.