آہ! جناب فخرالدین علی احمد صاحب صدر جمہوریہ ہند
معارف کے اس شمارہ کی طباعت ہوچکی تھی کہ یکایک ریڈیو سے صدر جمہوریہ ہند کی المناک رحلت کی خبر ملی، ملک اس قدر جلد ان کی دائمی جدائی کے لیے تیار نہ تھا، فلک کا کیا بگڑتا جو نہ وہ مرتے کوئی دن اور، پہلے ڈاکٹر ذاکر حسین مرحوم اور اب جناب فخرالدین علی احمد کی وفات راشٹرپتی بھون ہی میں ہوئی، دونوں کی صدارت کے ساتھ،
پیچھے پیچھے وہ دبے پاؤں قضا بھی آئی
وہ جاچکے، جب ان کی سوانح عمری لکھی جائے گی تو وہ ایک پرجوش مجاہد آزادی، قابل فخر محب وطن، کامیاب بیرسٹر، آسام کے معزز ایڈوکیٹ جنرل، اسی ریاست کی حکومت کے قابل اعتماد وزیر خزانہ، پھر ملک کی لوک سبھا کے ہر دلعزیز ممبر، اقوام متحدہ کے ہندوستانی وفد کے بڑے لائق رکن، مرکزی حکومت کے مختلف محکموں کے بہت ہی کارگزار وزیر سیکولرزم کے بہترین نمائندہ، قومی یکجہتی کے زریں نشان اور آخر میں جمہوریہ ہند کے محبوب صدر کی حیثیت سے برابر یاد کئے جائیں گے، ہندوستان کی خارزار سیاست میں داخل ہوکر کسی مسلمان رہنما کا کامیاب ہونا آسان نہیں، کچھ مسلمان قائد ایسے ہوئے جو مسلمانوں میں تو مقبول تھے لیکن ہندوؤں میں اچھی نظروں سے نہیں دیکھے گئے اور کچھ مسلمان لیڈر ایسے بھی گذرے جو ہندوؤں میں تو محبوب لیکن مسلمانوں میں غیر محبوب رہے، جناب فخرالدین علی احمد صاحب کا نمایاں وصف یہ تھا کہ وہ دونوں حلقوں میں عزت کی نگاہوں سے دیکھے گئے، ان کے کسی اخباری بیان کسی عمل کی نشاندہی نہیں کی جاسکتی ہے، جس سے ہندو خوش اور مسلمان ناخوش یا مسلمان خوش اور ہندو ناخوش ہوئے۔
ان کی علم نوازی کی یادوں کی بھی مشعل روشن رہے گی، ۱۹۶۹ء میں غالب کی صدسالہ برسی پورے ملک میں ان...
Islamic education curriculum has central value for education process, as education vision direction. Islamic education mission is how to create religious people by leaning perfectly. Curriculum becomes one of success applications and quality in education institution most. Curriculum will develop based on global world and people life style existency. Therefore, education should view people life style increased as learning source that is becomed a value for curriculum step making. Beside that, islamic education curriculum development also becomes teacher’s choice to implement learning manner in class. In where, it’s implementation should be arranged and systematically to make maximal learning either in development vision, indicator, lesson teory, lesson model proccess, learning evaluation or teacher’s development skill. The process of islamic education curriculum development must be done good and awesome also seeing several factors as supports and obstacles of it. In other to get an education result based on such the plan made before(education planning).
Job satisfaction is an important but a very complex issue, as it is all about human behavior, which is difficult to measure (Saiti, 2007). Knowledge of an employees' level of satisfaction is important for both the organization and the employee because of its (job satisfaction) association with workplace productivity. Furthermore, the knowledge of employees' lack of satisfaction with certain facets of the job will also prompt necessary measures by the employer for improving that aspect, so that the employees' well-being and productivity can be improved. The studies around the area of job satisfaction have explored various aspects of a job and the relationship between job satisfaction and the contributing factors affecting it, which, sometimes, have yielded inconsistent and contradictory findings. The present study is an attempt to explore job satisfaction of teachers of private and government schools in the context of Pakistan. In particular, the study aimed at exploring the overall level of job satisfaction of teachers of Karachi, Pakistan and to see if there is a difference of satisfaction with job between government and private schools' teachers. An important focus of the study was to see to what extent demographic characteristics such as, age, qualification, length of service and salary affect teachers' satisfaction level. A questionnaire of Job Satisfaction Survey (Spector, 1985) was adapted and administered on 500 private and government teachers with a return rate of 69%. SPSS was used to analyze the data generated from the survey. The findings of the analysis revealed that the teachers were somewhat satisfied with their overall job. A comparison between private and government teachers showed that the private school teachers had a higher level of satisfaction with their job than their government counterparts. The analysis also revealed varied level of relationship between demographic characteristics and job satisfaction. The findings show that the level of job satisfaction decreases as the teachers' length of service increases. In a similar way, satisfaction with job also decreases as teachers' age increases. Salary was also found to have negative correlation with job satisfaction, which means the more the salary, the lesser the teachers' job satisfaction, whereas academic and professional qualifications were not found to have any association with job satisfaction