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Heat and Mass Transfer of an Eyring-Powell Fluid Between Two Parallel Plates

Thesis Info

Author

Sidra Khalid

Supervisor

Mubbashar Nazeer

Program

Mphil

Institute

Riphah International University

Institute Type

Private

Campus Location

Faisalabad Campus

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2020

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

iv, 58 . : ill. ; 30 cm.

Subject

Mathematics

Language

English

Other

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Mathematics to the Department of Mathematics and Statistics; Includes bibliographical references; Thesis (M.Phil)--Riphah International University, 2020; English; Call No: 511 SID

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676711244780

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الحاج ابراہیم سلیمان سیٹھ

الحاج ابراہیم سلیمان سیٹھ
افسوس ہے کہ الحاج ابراہیم سلیمان سیٹھ ۲۷؍ اپریل کو دل کا دورہ پڑنے سے بنگلور میں وفات پاگئے اور وہیں ۲۸؍ اپریل کو ان کی تدفین ہوئی، اس وقت مسلمانوں کے جو گنے چنے سیاسی قاید اور ملی رہنما رہ گئے تھے، ان میں ابراہیم سلیمان بڑے مخلص اور قدآور تھے۔
تقسیم ہند کے بعد جب پورے ملک میں مسلمان شکستہ خاطر اور پست حوصلہ ہورہے تھے تو اس وقت الحاج مولوی محمد اسماعیل مرحوم نے انڈین یونین مسلم لیگ کی بنیاد ڈالی اور مصالح و حالات کے تقاضے سے اس کا دائرہ عمل کیر الا تک محدود رکھا، بعد میں دوسرے صوبوں میں بھی اس کو وسعت دینے کی کوشش کی گئی مگر اس میں کامیابی نہیں ہوئی تاہم کیرالا میں انڈین یونین مسلم لیگ نے مسلمانوں کی ہمت و حوصلہ بلند کیا اور ان کا وزن و وقار باقی رکھا، یہاں اس کا زور و اثر اتنا بڑھا کہ کوئی حکومت اس کے اشتراک کے بغیر نہیں چل سکتی۔
الحاج ابراہیم سلیمان سیٹھ شروع ہی سے مولوی محمد اسماعیل مرحوم کے معتمد اور قریب ترین رفیق تھے، ان کی زندگی ہی میں سیٹھ صاحب مسلم لیگ کے جنرل سکریٹری ہوگئے تھے اور ان کی وفات کے بعد اس کی مسند صدارت کو رونق بخشی، ان کی قیادت میں مسلم لیگ بڑی متحرک اور سرگرم رہی، اس کی کامیابی اور اترپردیش میں مسلم مسائل سے کانگریس کی سرد مہری اور متعصبانہ رویہ دیکھ کر مرحوم ڈاکٹر عبدالجلیل فریدی کو یہاں بھی مسلم مجلس قائم کرنے کا خیال ہوا لیکن ڈاکٹر صاحب کی بے وقت موت، اترپردیش کے سیاسی حالات کی پیچیدگی اور خود مسلم مجلس کی تقسیم در تقسیم کی وجہ سے مسلم مجلس کوئی کارنامہ انجام نہیں دے سکی۔
یہ مسلمانوں کی بڑی بدنصیبی ہے کہ جب ان کی کوئی...

Fazle Haq Khayrabadi: An Extraordinary Personality

This is an account of the life and works of Fazle Haq Khayrabadi, a great but forgotten Indian Muslim religious scholar and thinker of the 19th century is presented. Coming from a family of great distinction, Fazle Haq Khayrabadi was an author, poet and philosopher who expressed himself in Arabic, Persian and Urdu. Especially relevant is the dedication and fervor with which Khayrabadi participated in all stages of the First Indian War of Independence of 1857 [also termed the Great Mutiny], for which he was exiled to the Andaman Islands by the British rulers of India, where he died in 1862. The remarkable personality of Fazle Haq Khayrabadi [17871862] has been forgotten by an ungrateful nation that does not honour its heroes but instead buries them under the debris of history. A great scholar, familiar with the diverse disciplines in the Islamic sciences, and the Imam of the Khayrabadi school of logic and philosophy, he, also a son the great Fazle Imam Khayrabadi, distinguished himself early for his intellectual prowess and strength of genius. Amazingly, such a scholar, devoted to academics, was also a fighter and participant in the War of Independence of 1857, and a member of the revolutionary council that directed its strategy. For this, he suffered imprisonment at the hands of the vengeful British, who sentenced him to hard labour in the distant Andaman Islands – where he died ‘across the black water’.

Biochemical Studies on Berberis Lyceum Royal and Analysis of its Extracts for Bioactivity

Medicinal plants are major source of drugs used for the treatment of various health disorders. Berberis lyceum Royal, an indigenous plant of the North-East of Pakistan was selected to explore its medicinal value during this study. This plant has many therapeutic values and is being used against many diseases / infections by local population since centuries. B.lyceum remedies provided against swollen and sore eyes, broken bones, wounds, gonorrhea, curative piles, unhealthy ulcers, acute conjunctive, and in chronic ophthalmia. Therefore, thorough investigation was conducted for proximate analysis, fatty acid contents, metal ion analysis, isolation and purification of alkaloids. Bioactivity of crude extract for antimicrobial, antidiabetic and wound healing have been investigated in this study. Biochemical analysis of root samples of B. lyceum Royal showed the variation among different parameters, which include protein contents (4.4 – 6.24 %), crude fiber (14.96 – 16.40 %) and crude ash (3.79 – 6.99 %) on dry weight basis. No variation regarding crude fats (0.5 %) was found in any samples analyzed. The oil contents were determined by Soxhlet method and results revealed that the principal saturated and unsaturated fatty acid components of B. lyceum Royal root were Palmitic (16:0), Oleic (18:1) and Linoleic (18:2) acids. Palmitic acid (11.73 – 32.04 %), stearic acid (1.09 – 2.66 %), oleic acid (12.01 – 39.67 %), Linoleic acid (42.59 – 47.43 %) and linolenic acid (1.70 – 5.71) were found when oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In all cases polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were greater than monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). The micro and macro elements of different samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry and flame photometer. The results showed that the higher mineral ion contents under investigation were found in Mansehra sample i.e. 599.12 μg /g, whereas Abbotabad had the lowest content, 242.63 μg/g. The total mineral ion contents was in the sequence of Mansehra> Kotlisattian> Bagh> Abbotabad. Calcium (Ca2+) was the highest, ranging from 456 to 187.33 μg/g and copper (Cu2+) was the lowest, ranging from 0.37 to 0.013 μg/g. Two alkaloids, berberine and palmatine were analyzed and quantified by TLC and HPLC and proton and carbon signals were detected in 1H and 13C -NMR spectra. The analysis of the NMR spectra of berberine and Palmatine revealed that the proton H-13 resonating as a singlet (H-13 of 1: δ 8.72; H-13 of 2: δ 8.81) could be used for quantification. The 1H NMR method used in this study was found to be simple, rapid and specific for the analysis of protoberberine alkaloids and required reference compound, apart from the internal standard, and an overall profile of the preparation was obtained directly. Using this method the content of protoberberine alkaloids can be determined in Berberis lyceum and other plant extracts in a shorter time than conventional method of HPLC. Bioactivity of crude extract and Berberine of B. lyceum Royal was evaluated for antimicrobial, antidiabetic and wound healing. For antimicrobial bioassay, root extracts of B. lyceum prepared in three different solvents, methanol, ethanol and aqueous and tested against different bacteria, fungi and yeast strains. Antimicrobial activities were assessed by using Disc diffusion method and Micro dilution assays. It was observed that all root extracts of Berberis lyceum were highly effective against different bacteria and fungi. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts have inhibited growth of microorganisms more effectively as compared to aqueous extract. The results obtained in present study indicates that root of B. lyceum contained some phytochemicals having antimicrobial activity and could be used for pharmaceutical industries for the development of new drugs required for human and animal health. The wound healing activities of the aqueous and methanol extracts of the root of B. lyceum were assessed using incision, excision and dead wound space models of wound repair in rats. After application of both extracts it was observed that the area of epithelialization increased, followed by an increase in wound contraction, skin breaking strength, tissue granulation, dry weight and hydroxyproline content. Histopathological studies of the granulation tissue also indicated that there was an increase in collagen formation in those rats treated with the methanol extract, compared with the control group animals. The methanol extract was more effective than the aqueous extract, but both showed significant results as compared to the control. The antidiabetic activity of the ethanol root extract of Berberis lyceum was compared with pure berberine in normal and alloxan-diabetic rats using similar doses of each. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of berberine and a whole extract of B. lyceum on blood glucose and other parameters associated with diabetes, to compare the effects of the crude extract with those of pure berberine and thus validate its use as a therapeutic agent, and finally to identify any contribution of the other components of the extract to these effects. Oral administration of 50 mg/kg of Berberis extract and berberine to normal and experimental diabetic rats produced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels from days 3 –7 days of treatment. Significant effects were also observed on the glucose tolerance, glycosylated haemoglobin, serum lipid profiles and body weight of experimental animals. Berberis extract and berberine demonstrated similar effects on all parameters measured, and although the extract was comparable in efficacy to berberine, it did not produce any effects additional to those shown by pure berberine. The results support the use of the extract in traditional medicine, and demonstrate that apart from being a highly cost- effective means of treating with berberine, as compared to root extract which is cheaper, easily available to rural community and also show no or very less adverse effects as compared to pure compound (berberine).