سید مظفر حسین برنی بطور مرتب
سید مظفر حسین برنی ہندوستان میں اہم ترین سرکاری ذمہ داریاں ادا کرتے رہے۔ آپ کو اقبالیات سے خاص دلچسپی تھی۔ پیشہ ورانہ مصروفیات کے باوجود آپ اقبالیات کے لیے وقت ضرور نکالتے تھے۔آپ کے لیکچرزکتابی شکل میں بھی سامنے آئے ہیں اور ہندوستان کی کئی زبانوں میں ان کے تراجم بھی ہوئے ہیں۔ اس طرح فکرِ اقبال کو توسیع میسر آئی۔ سید مظفر حسین برنی نے جہاں تدوین کے حوالہ سے خیال رکھا ہے وہاں ایک عمدہ مرتب کا کردار بھی ادا کیا ہے اور خطوط کو مرتب کرنے میں ان تمام لوازمات کا خیال رکھا ہے کہ جو خطوط کے مقام کا درجہ بھی بلند کریں اور خطوط کی صداقت میں بھی کوئی کمی نہ رہے۔ آپ نے خاص طور پر تمام خطوط کو بحوالہ تاریخی ترتیب مرتب کیا ہے۔ یہ کام اس لحاظ سے بہت مشکل تھا کہ کئی خطوط کی تاریخ اشاعت سامنے نہ آئی تھی مگر برنی نے مختلف مآخذ کا سہارا لے کر اس ترتیب کو مستند بنایا ہے۔ بعض جگہوں پر تو حالات اور واقعات کی صداقت کے لیے باقاعدہ نوٹ بھی دیے ہیں اور خط کی تاریخ لکھی ہے کہ ان حالات اور واقعات سے اس خط کی تاریخ یہ بنتی ہے۔ بطور مرتب آپ نے ایک ذمہ دار ماہرِ اقبالیات کا کردار ادا کیا ہے۔ اگر برنی اپنے مآخذ کا ذکر نہ کرتے اور اس بات کا انعام خود ہی حاصل کر لیتے کہ یہ ان کی ذاتی کوشش کا نتیجہ ہے تو یقیناً ماہرینِ ادب انہیں ناقل کا نام دیتے اور ناقل بھی ایسا کہ جس پر ادبی چوری کا الزام بھی لگایا جا سکتا تھا۔ مگر برنی نے ان تمام مآخذ اور حوالہ جات پر واضح روشنی ڈالی ہے کہ جن سے آپ نے اپنی کاوشوں کو مزین کیا ہے۔...
Marketing strategy is an effort to market a product, both in the form of goods and services, using certain plans and tactics to increase sales volume. One of the business development strategies is the implementation of a marketing mix strategy. Marketing is one of the most important factors in the continuity of a business, so it is very important for business people to pay attention to the marketing mix in their business. The purpose of this study was to determine how D'besto Fried Chicken Pekanbaru applies sales promotion. The data analysis technique used is market mix analysis. The marketing mix variables studied were product, price, place and promotion. The results of this study indicate that consumer decisions in purchasing D'besto Fried Chicken Pekanbaru are strategic location selection and products that are acceptable to the public. The recommendation of this research is that D'besto Fried Chicken Pekanbaru products should be more diverse and innovative in terms of packaging and online marketing and improve brand quality.
Optical Interconnects in Data Center Networks Emerging cloud computing and web-based applications have created a need for powerful data centers. Optical interconnects are replacing the electrical counterparts due to their benefits. Electrical interconnects have various problems like energy consumption, fixed throughput, and limited reconfigurability. The thesis evaluates various optical interconnects in literature and analyzes various aspects of optical interconnects in data center networks. The conclusions of various analyses are used to propose architectures which give several advantages over existing architectures. Main contributions of the thesis are twofold, one: analysis of existing architectures is carried out for the first time in terms of blocking probability, signal degradation, port count, computational complexity of routing algorithm and input and output queueing analysis and two: four new architectures are presented that give benefits of very low packet loss, large port count, reduce computational complexity regardless of port count and contention less behavior under various traffic patterns. The blocking probability analysis involves the analysis of the effect of multiplexing techniques and optical components. The signal degradation analysis involves the analysis of various optical components which affect the signal degradation and ways to overcome signal degradation have been identified. The port count analysis involves the analysis of the limitations of port count of different architectures based on optical components and multiplexing techniques. The computational complexity analysis involves the analysis of the complexity of routing algorithms of the architectures. Various architectures are proposed based on the analysis of existing architectures. The input and output queueing analysis of the existing architectures and proposed architectures is performed by changing the size of the output queue buffer. The affect of the output queue buffer size is analyzed on delay and throughput by changing the load for the architectures. Maximum throughput is also analyzed by changing the buffer size of output queue. The input and output queueing models of architectures are also analyzed by simulation. A contention less architecture is proposed which can reduce contention under various traffic patterns. It exploits optical wavelength, code and space multiplexing. It eliminates the need for electronic buffering, which reduces the latency. It is robust to all-to-one and many-to-many communication traffic patterns. A very low packet loss architecture is proposed. This architecture can show a certain guaranteed data rate between communicating servers. This architecture is flexible and can be made suitable for a broad range of data center applications, by configuring it. An architecture with very large port count is presented. This architecture has large port count compared to other architectures. This architecture also has low energy consumption due to use of passive optical components. It is suitable for large scale data center networks. It is also discussed how various optical components and multiplexing techniques affect the overall port count of optical interconnects. An architecture with low computational complexity of routing algorithm is proposed. If a control algorithm is more complex it requires more hardware for implementation which causes increase in latency, increase in cost and increased difficulty in implementation. The computational complexity of proposed architecture is not affected by the number of nodes. This architecture is suitable for low latency and real time applications. This architecture exploits three dimensions of multiplexing namely; the optical wavelength division multiplexing, optical code division multiplexing, and optical space division multiplexing.