عطا اللہ عطاؔ قاضی
عطا اللہ عطاؔ قاضی (۱۹۳۴ء پ) محلہ ٹلہ پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے میٹرک کے بعد منشی فاضل کا امتحان پاس کیا۔ آرٹس میں ڈپلومہ سنٹرل ٹریننگ کالج لاہور سے کیا۔ شہر فہمی اور شعر گوئی کے علاوہ قاضی عطا نثر نگاری ، مصوری ،فوٹو گرافی اور خوش نویسی کے فن میں بھی ماہر ہیں۔(۱۱۵۳)
آپ کے مزاج میں ادبی چاشنی رچی بسی ہے۔آپ کے شعری مجموعے ’’فراز سخن‘‘، (سورہ بقرہ کا منظوم ترجمہ) ،’’اعزازِ سخن‘‘،( توحیدی آیات کا منظوم ترجمہ)’’اعتزاز سخن‘‘،( سورہ نسا ،مائدہ کااورسورہ توبہ کا منظوم ترجمہ)’’رازِ سخن‘‘ ، (پارہ عم کا منظوم ترجمہ)’’امتیاز سخن‘‘( سورہ مائدہ کا منظوم ترجمہ) ناز سخن (حمد ونعت ،قرآنی دعائیں ،منظوم ترجمہ)اور ’’اشکوں کی لو ‘‘(غزلیہ مجموعہ ) ادبی سبھا پسرور سے شائع ہو چکے ہیں۔ ان شعری مجموعوں کے علاوہ قاضی عطا کا سب سے بڑا کارنامہ ’’مفہوم القرآن ‘‘کے نام سے قرآن مجید کا مکمل منظوم ترجمہ ہے۔
یہ ترجمہ تین ہزار صفحات کی ضخامت اور تین جلدوں پر مشتمل ہے۔ اب تک ’’مفہوم القرآن ‘ ‘ کے دو ایڈیشن شائع ہو چکے ہیں۔ قاضی عطاؔ کا قلم کسی ایک موضوع الہیات کے موضوع ہی کا محتاج نہیں رہا ۔ اس کا خامہ زرفشاں زندگی کے ہر پہلو پر رواں رہا ہے۔
عرفان و آگہی او ر ادراک و شعور کا مضمون ان کے کلام میں بہت شرح و بسط سے جا بجا نظر آتا ہے۔ ان کی نظم اور غزل کے بیشتر اشعار میں عشق حقیقی کا تصور واضح طورپر ملتا ہے اورتیقّن کے ساتھ کہا جا سکتا ہے کہ قاضی عطا اللہ اپنے ذوق جبہ سائی کی عطا کردہ منازل ِ سلوک طے کرنے کی راہ پر گامزن ہے۔ کچھ اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں:
لاکھ پردوں میں بھی ہے بے پردہ
کل ہے اجزا میں آشکارا ہے
(۱۱۵۴)
ہر آئینہ جزو میں...
Impact of Christian Monasticism and Islamic Mysticism on Various Aspects of Human Life: An Analysis from Islamic Perspective The science of Islamic belief "علم العقيدة" has been considered as most significant disciplines among different branches of knowledge as it played an essential, rather cardinal role in human life. This scholarly work intends to look into development of Monasticism in Christianity and Mysticism in Islam in different phases and its impact upon human life. Qualitative and descriptive research methodology has been applied for analysis of data. The research has particularly addressed four noteworthy aspects of the theme: firstly, Historical development of Monasticism in Christianity, secondly; Development of monastic tendencies in Islamic mysticism thirdly; Reflections of Monasticism upon various aspects of human life, and finally; Analysis of Monasticism in the light of Quran and Sunnah. The review of literature disclosed that monasticism is one of the main contributions of Christianity which later on influenced Islamic mysticism. Through centuries of contact it has left an immense influence upon Muslim societies which has changed the real picture of Islam. In the beginning, it was considered the source of self-purification but unfortunately lately it has developed into more mundane phenomenon. Recently it has been utilized as a source of income for spiritual masters and has produced complex mixture of superstitions for the community. Despite of that it has been argued that the real form of Mysticism could not be overlooked thus the Islamic mysticism has been divided into three categories by Muslim scholars: legislated (شرعي), heresy (بدعي), and infidelity (كفري). In this short paper the main focus will be on the impact of Christian monasticism on Islamic Sufism in general and that of Islamic Sufism on social life in particular.
Citrus greening or Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. It is threatening survival of the citrus industry in Pakistan. The causal agent of HLB is ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’. The search for alternative citrus greening tolerant/resistant scion and rootstocks that also withstand the other constraints is needed for a sustainable citrus industry. The production of somatic hybrids allows accumulating all the dominant traits of both parents, irrespective of their heterozygosity level, and has proven to be an important tool for rootstock improvement. A new embryogenic callus line and suspension culture of the seedy and polyembryonic ‘W. Murcott’ mandarin hybrid has been developed. Citrus latipes (papeda) a monoembryonic citrus has been purported to exhibit tolerance to HLB. Somatic hybridization of ‘W. Murcott’ mandarin hybrid with Citrus latipes was conducted by protoplast fusion of embryogenic suspension culture-derived protoplasts isolated from ‘W. Murcott’ mandarin with leaf protoplasts of C. latipes. Analysis of ploidy level by flow cytometry confirmed the regeneration of thirty five new interesting tetraploid somatic hybrids from this combination. Furthermore, the morphology of the new putative somatic hybrids was intermediate between the parents, exhibiting the larger winged petiole and elongated leaf characteristics of C. latipes. Molecular markers analysis of the new somatic hybrids to determine the allotetraploid and autotetraploid hybrids showed that at least few hybrids are allotetraploid. Another fusion for scion improvement was performed between W murcott suspension protoplast and Snack mesophyll protoplast. Snack is a tangor hybrid and is showing greening tolerance up till now. Fourteen plants were regenerated from W murcott and Snack combination and all were confirmed as autotetraploids. W murcott is best regenerative parent and performs well under tissue culture conditions. It has drought tolerance. Its hybrids can perform well under arid conditions of Pakistan. Its breeding with Kinnow can produce triploid crop of an intermediate season. The new somatic hybrids will be propagated to evaluate their horticultural performance and ability to mitigate or prevent HLB in grafted commercial scions. The somatic hybrid rootstocks should also have potential to control tree size due to polyploidy, and should be amenable to standard seed propagation via nucellar seed production. W. Murcott was used as a parent in this project because it is a mandarin hybrid that is seedy and polyembryonic, a trait needed for traditional seed propagation of rootstocks. These hybrids will add new germplasm to the citrus scion and rootstock breeding program, potentially addressing the HLB problem.