4. Al-Nisa’/The Women
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
04:01
O The People!
Be mindful of your Rabb - The Lord WHO created you from a single soul,
and out of it created its spouse, and then out of the two of them, WE scattered countless males and females throughout the world.
Be mindful of Allah through WHOM you ask of one another and be mindful of the bond of family relationships.
Indeed, Allah watches over you.
04:02
And return to the orphans their possessions, and
do not exchange your inferior things with their superior valuables, and
do not consume their possessions by co-mingling with your possessions and using them as yours.
Surely that would be an outrageous crime.
04:03
However, in case you fear that you might not be fair towards the orphan girls in your care, or misuse their persons, then,
you may marry the women from amongst the widows or their daughters, whom you see fit
for marriageable age, up to two, or three, or four of them.
But if you apprehend that in your marital obligations, you might not be able to deal with them justly at a time and all the time, then marry only one;
or, marry someone from amongst those whom your right hand possesses in qital/battle.
Thus it will help keep you away from committing injustice.
04:04
And give your wives in marriage their bridal money happily as a free gift.
However, if they willingly offer you a part of it, you may, then, accept it wholeheartedly
and with pleasure.
04:05
And do not entrust those...
Islam offers a complete code of conduct. Its instructions are not limited to some fields of life. Islam guides all those things to his followers which are necessary for the well-being of mankind. The modern age is the age of science and technology, it has created some modern issues to Muslims scholars, like Test Tube baby, cloning and some different kind of surgical operation. This article deals with the status of Surgery in Islamic Shariah.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) exerts nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects in animals and humans. OTA is also responsible to induce oxidative stress and immunosuppression. The presence of OTA as a common contaminant of cereal based food and feed ingredients has been reported from different regions of the World including Pakistan. Keeping in view the toxic significance of OTA, the present study was planned to study the pathological effects of OTA in chicken, with a focus to develop a relationship of pathological alterations associated with age, exposure duration, dietary and tissue/organ ochratoxin levels. Experiments were conducted to induce acute ochratoxicosis in one day old (experiment 1) and 21 day old (experiment 2) broiler chicks by feeding rations containing 0, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 mg/kg OTA for 10 days. Chronic ochratoxicosis was induced in day old broiler chicks by feeding 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg OTA for duration of 21 (experiment 3) and 35 days (experiment 4). Different parameters studied included feed intake, body weight, organ weights, clinical signs, gross and microscopic morphological alterations in different organs/tissues, immunological responses, oxidative stress parameters and OTA tissue residues. Present study concluded that the ochratoxicosis in broiler chicks resulted in the poor feed intake, weight gain and performance of birds, increased mortality and severity of clinical signs in dose dependent manners. OTA feeding in broilers resulted in the suppression of immunological responses and decreased blood and tissue antioxidant potentials. OTA related decrease in antioxidant potential and immunosuppression was directly proportional to the dose and duration of OTA exposure. OTA exposure in older birds resulted in more severe oxidative stress but lesser immunosuppression as compared to birds exposed at young age. Dose related increase and age related development of resistance to the pathological and biochemical alterations were also recorded. Decreased carnosine, anserine and creatine contents of muscles following OTA exposure suggested the production of low nutritional and keeping quality chicken meat. Exposure of OTA both acute and chronic dietary levels resulted in the accumulation of OTA residues in liver, kidney and muscles of the birds although these residues quickly disappear after withdrawal of toxin contaminated diets.