حافظ محمد ابراہیم
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینے حافظ محمد ابراہیم صاحب نے وفات پائی، مرحوم پرانے قوم پرور اور اس دور کے کانگریسی تھے جس کی یادگاریں اب بہت کم پائی ہیں، اپنے حسن اخلاق اور خدمت کی بنا پر اپنے حلقہ میں بڑے مقبول اور اپنا ذاتی اثر رکھتے تھے، انھوں نے لیگ اور کانگریس کے بڑے معرکے کے الیکشن میں لیگی امیدوار کے مقابلہ میں کامیابی حاصل کی اور کانگریس کا وقار قائم کیا اتر پردیش اور مرکزی حکومت میں وزیر رہے، آخر میں کچھ دنوں تک گورنری بھی کی، اگرچہ وہ بڑے وفادار کانگریسی تھے، لیکن آخر میں ان کو خود اپنی جماعت سے دھوکا اٹھانا پڑا اور ان کی زندگی کا آخری دور پریشانی میں گذرا۔
مرحوم بڑے مرنجان مرنج تھے، مسلمانوں کے معاملات میں بھی ان کی روش یہی تھی، انھوں نے نہ ان کو فائدہ پہنچایا نہ نقصان، ان معاملات میں وہ خاموشی سے کام لیتے تھے، بڑے خوش اخلاق تھے، ہر شخص کو اپنی باتوں سے خوش کرنے کی کوشش کرتے تھے، جب دارالمصنفین کے لوگوں سے ملاقات ہوتی تو بڑی خصوصیت ظاہر کرتے، ایک مرتبہ یہاں تک آمادگی ظاہر کی کہ وہ خود دارالمصنفین آکر اس کی مالی حالت مضبوط کرنے کی کوشش کریں گے مگر اس کی نوبت نہ آسکی، اب قوم پرور مسلمانوں میں ایسے لوگ نہ ملیں گے، ان کی وفات سے ایک پرانی یادگار مٹ گئی اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، فروری ۱۹۶۸ء)
Background: Hamstring muscles are targeted among football players. Sciatic nerve gliding improve hamstring flexibility among football players.
Objective: To compare the effects of sciatic nerve gliding and lower extremity stretching on hamstring flexibility among football players.
Methodology: In this randomized clinical trial 20 male athletes were selected which divided in two groups. One group was given sciatic nerve gliding while other lower extremity stretches. Athletes with age of 18-30 years, male foot ballers who regularly exercise 2 to 3 times a week for 30 minutes for 6 weeks were included. Goniometer was used to collect data by performing straight leg raise and Active knee extension test.
Results: The results showed that the mean age and SD was 21.30±1.809. Comparison of treatment within group was checked by Wilcoxon Rank test showed significant results (P was less than 0.05 )and between group comparisons was checked by Mann Whitney test and found sciatic nerve gliding gave more improvement in Athletes performance ( p value was less than 0.05 for straight leg raising and active knee extension test.
Conclusion: It was concluded that sciatic nerve gliding gave more effective results than lower stretching in increasing hamstring flexibility among football players.
In the past few decades migration of people from one part of the world to another for multiple reasons like job opportunities, education, etc., results in societies to transform into multicultural and multiethnic societies. Increasingly cultural, ethnic and religious diversity have become one of the most important challenges which human society is facing across the globe (Cross, 2004). Nations who are not prepared to face this challenge are in fronting extremism, ethnic and religious conflicts which in turn harm the human value system. As diversity is a global challenge and how we address it will have global consequences, urgency is required in order to address the issue of diversity as an opportunity rather than a burden. Many educationalists and social activists believe that educational systems are the appropriate platform to deal with diversity issues. Educational institutes are now more populated with the students from diverse cultural, ethnic, geographical and religious backgrounds. Education is expected to contribute to stabilizing, conflicts, eliminating cultural stereotypes, encouraging intercultural dialogue, and promoting peace, tolerance and mutual understanding. The education systems particularly higher education is continuously reflecting on their policies and practices which has greater impact on students' learning gains in these diverse societies. In this regard the study aims to explore practices of an educational institute in promoting ethnic diversity through a case study in a private university. This study can be seen as the first of its kind in the context of Pakistan which could contribute in overcoming the challenges and issues related to diversity. Furthermore, it will contribute to the development of a healthy working relationship among the stakeholders from diverse ethnic, religious and cultural backgrounds. This study may also open the avenues for future studies with reference to diversity management with regard to the education system in a developing world context like Pakistan. The central research question that guides the study was: How do the practices of an educational institute (private university) promote ethnic diversity? This study has been conducted through the case study method within the qualitative research paradigm. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, artifact analysis and observations. Since the purpose of the study was to explore the phenomena of diversity in an educational organization, certain actors were the focus of the study. The director, four faculty members and four students from diverse backgrounds were selected as research participants through purposive sampling. The findings reveal that perception and