یونس رضوی
یونس رضوی(۱۹۲۷ئ) سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ نے ۱۹۴۹ء میں محکمہ انکم ٹیکس میں ملازمت حاصل کی۔ ۱۹۵۴ء میں فلم انڈسٹری لاہور سے رابطہ قائم کیا۔ آپ نے غزل ،نظم اور دیگر اصناف میں طبع آزمائی کی لیکن فلم انڈسٹری سے منسلک ہونے کی وجہ سے آپ کی زیادہ توجہ گیت نگاری کی طرف تھی۔(۷۳۳) ان کا شعری کلام ملک کے مختلف رسائل و جرائد میں چھپتا رہا۔ ایک شعری مجموعہ ’’میرے آنسو میرے گیت‘‘ ،زمزمہ پرنٹنگ پریس سیالکوٹ سے ۱۹۷۶ء میں شائع ہوا۔
یونس نے اردو شاعری میں کوئی نئی اور انوکھی راہیں دریافت نہیںکیں ۔بلکہ وہ اپنی شاعری میں روایت پسندنظر آتے ہیں۔ ان کی شاعری غم و اندوہ کی شاعری ہے۔ مگر ان کے ہر شعر کے پردے میں ایک ایسی چھپی ہوئی مضبوط انا کا وجود ملتا ہے۔ جو حوادث کی ستمرانیوں سے کبھی زخمی نہیں ہوتی۔ اور زندگی کا ہر آنے والا زخم انھیں پہلے سے کہیں زیادہ حوصلہ مند اوربا وقار بنا دیتا ہے۔یونس رضوی کا نمونہ کلام ملاحظہ ہو:
شبِ سیاہ مکمل شبِ سیاہ نہ تھی
تمہاری زلف کا سایہ بھی اس میں ڈالا گیا
بساطِ عشق کی بازی تمام ہار گئے
مذاقِ عشق ہمارا بلند و بالا گیا(۷۳۴)
غم زمانے کا متاع جسم و جاں تک آگیا
آگ کا شعلہ لپک کر آشیاں تک آگیا
کٹ تو جائیں گے شب و روز فراق ان کے بغیر
دکھ یہی ہے کہ رونق شام و سحر جاتی رہی(۷۳۵)
گردش دوراں کے ہاتھوں اس قدر مجبور ہوں
زندگی کی ہر مسرت سے میں کوسوں دور ہوں(۷۳۶)
Islam is a complete code of life which provides complete guidance in all aspects of human life. The discipline of economics was given particular importance in Islam as most of the human activities revolved around it that could also be seen practically around the globe. The major responsibility of under taking the financial matters was laid on men according to teachings of Islam. The core purpose of this academic work was to explore the Islamic view point about the woman economic activities. The study was basically designed to address that whether Islam permitted women to take part in economic affairs or not? The article provided a guideline for cotemporary women in the light of economic activities of Ṣaḥābiyāt that how the today’s women could take part into various domains of financial matters by keeping in view the life and economic activities of Ṣaḥābiyāt. The descriptive and analytical research methodology was employed for the collection and analysis of data. The review of literature revealed that men were primarily responsible for economic matters, however women could do the job by following the instruction of Islamic teachings. It was also found that the women could actively take part in various economic fields including; trade, agriculture, medical science, and education. In the light of above findings the research recommended that Government should take some serious measures by making economic arrangements and providing Islamic environment for work in order to accommodate the needy, poor, widows and oppressed women of society. On one hand, it would be beneficial for the financial support of their family while on the other hand, enhance the production of country. Finally it must be kept in view that family system should not be ruined due to job of a woman.
Synthetic approaches that harness metal-catalyzed pathways can provide facile alternatives to cumbersome conventional strategies. The dissertation reports advances made towards exploring novel catalytic processes and substrates for the formation of C–C (C–H activation, Suzuki-coupling), C–B (borylation) and C–N (amination) bonds. In order to improve the sustainability of the processes investigated, a conscious effort was made to move from precious metal- (palladium, iridium) catalyzed reactions towards the use of more earth abundant metals (cobalt, iron), with promising results. The sterically governed, iridium-catalyzed regioselective borylation of a novel class of substituted biaryls has been achieved. The biaryl pinacol esters obtained, have been demonstrated as enabling motifs for building C–O, C–Br and C–C bonds. The one-pot combination of a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and a Buchwald-Hartwig amination has been employed to afford a series of substituted carbazoles. The protocol, using ortho-chloroboronic acids and ortho-bromoanilines, relies on readily available starting materials and mild conditions, whilst avoiding the formation of any isomers. The versatility of the reaction is demonstrated by the selective substitution at various points of the carbazole ring. An efficient synthetic route has been proposed for substituted cyclohexa-m-phenylenes, based on palladium- and iridium-catalyzed reactions leading to the functionalized terphenyls. These terphenyl synthons when reacted under Suzuki-Miyaura crosscoupling conditions, cyclise to cyclohexa-m-phenylenes. Cobalt has been shown as a promising alternative to palladium for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl halides. The developed protocol shows how readily accessed cobalt pre-catalysts in combination with NHC ligands can catalyze the cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and bromides with alkyllithium-activated arylboronic pinacolate esters. Preliminary mechanistic studies hint towards cobalt reduction to Co(0) during catalysis. The extended substrate scope demonstrates the efficacy of the process for various aryl halides without the aid of any directing group. Furthermore, novel derivatives of a neuro-protective drug edaravone, have been synthesized utilizing this protocol that echoes the broader range of applications of the study. Finally, the development of a small library of derivatives based on edaravone, has been achieved through an iron-catalyzed, substrate directed ortho-arylation procedure. The preliminary computational assessment predicts that these synthesized analogues can inhibit the human enzyme, monoamine oxidase-B, more strongly than the parent edaravone.