مولانا افتخار احمد فریدی
دینی حلقوں میں یہ خبر افسوس اور رنج کے ساتھ سنی جائے گی کہ ۲۴؍ اکتوبر ۱۹۹۸ء کو ایک پُرجوش اور سرگرم داعی و مبلغ مولانا افتخار احمد فریدی انتقال فرماگئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
مرحوم کا وطن مراد آباد تھا، ایک زمانے میں ان کے ہاتھوں میں وہ پرچم بغاوت تھا جس کو سرفروشان وطن نے برطانوی جبر و استبداد کے خلاف بلند کیا تھا مگر پھر ع پھاڑ کر جیب و آستین کر علم جنوں بلند۔ انہیں حضرت مولانا محمد الیاسؒ کی دینی دعوت سے عشق ہوگیا جس کے لیے وہ ملکوں ملکوں کی خاک چھانتے رہے ، کسی حادثہ میں ان کا ایک پیر کاٹ دیا گیا مگر وہ بیساکھیوں کے سہارے ملک کے و طول و عرض کا دورہ کرتے رہے، سفر حج میں مولانا شاہ معین الدین احمد ندوی کا ساتھ ہوگیا تو ان کی بڑی خدمت کی اور ہر طرح کا آرام پہنچایا۔ ایک دفعہ وہ اپنے ایک تبلیغی دورے میں اعظم گڑھ آئے تو شاہ صاحب نے ان کی بڑی پذیرائی کی۔ جناب سید صباح الدین صاحب سے مخلصانہ تعلق رکھتے تھے اور راقم سے بھی خط و کتابت رہتی تھی۔
کئی برسوں سے تبلیغی دوڑ دھوپ کا سلسلہ موقوف ہوگیا تھا، لیکن اسی جذبے سے اصلاحی و دعوتی رسائل اور مواعظ و ملفوظات کے مجموعے شائع کرتے تھے، وہ غیر مسلموں میں بھی اسلام کی تبلیغ و اشاعت کرتے رہتے تھے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی بشری لغزشوں سے درگزر فرمائے اور انہیں جنت نعیم میں جگہ دے۔ آمین! (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، نومبر ۱۹۹۸ء)
The objective of this study was to identify the factors that influence consumers' decisions to purchase Wardah cosmetics in Pekanbaru city. The sample size consisted of 100 participants selected using the accidental sampling technique. This study aimed to be unbiased, clear, and concise, utilizing a formal register and precise language to ensure comprehension. The data analysis employed quantitative multiple linear regression, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS software. Based on the results of this study, it is evident that product quality has an impact on the decision to purchase Wardah cosmetics in the city of Pekanbaru. The customer's perception of prices also affects their decision to purchase the said cosmetics, as well as promotions. The independent variables, namely product quality, price perception, and promotion, have a significant impact on the dependent variable, i.e., purchasing decision, concerning Wardah Cosmetics in Pekanbaru city. The R Square value of 0.845 or 84.5% indicates that the purchasing decision is influenced by product quality, price, and promotion while 15.5% is attributable to other variables not considered in this study.
A qualitative case study was employed to explore the assessment practices of English Language Teachers (ELTs) used in assessing the Oral Communication Skills (OCSs) of the students of Grade 5 in Karachi, Pakistan. The study also aimed to explore the factors that facilitate and the challenges that English Language teachers face during the assessment of Oral Communication Skills. The data were collected by using various tools such as semi-structured interviews, Focus group discussion and classroom observation. Through a purposive sampling, participants were selected for semi-structured interview and focus group discussion. Semi- structured interviews were conducted with two English language teachers, a focus group discussion was conducted with 8 students of grade 5 and classroom observations were also conducted for the triangulation of the data.The findings of the study revealed that assessment practices especially-formative assessment - have a positive impact on students’ learning in the area of Oral Communication Skills. Findings show that English Language teachers use various assessment strategies, such as discussions, oral questioning, interviews, role plays, peer assessment, turn and talk and presentation to assess Oral Communication Skills of students which in turn helps students in motivating and building their confidence to participate in the classroom. Teachers were aware of the fact that speaking of English language can be learnt through practice. Therefore, teachers use these assessment strategies to involve the student in the conversation. Several elements such as technology, listening, lesson planning, reading aloud and integration of all four skills assist English Language teachers in the process of assessment of Oral Communication Skills. Results indicated that speaking skill is the most difficult skill to teach and assess. In addition, it also revealed that English Language teachers face several challenges in the implementation of assessment strategies. The major challenges for English Language Teachers were over crowded classes, negligence of Oral Communication Skills in the summative examination, lack of resources and workload. The generalizability of the findings may be limited to the context where this research has been conducted because of small sample size. However, the findings can be transferred to other contexts having a similar background in terms of teaching, learning and assessment. Moreover, future studies can employ different research methods such as action research or a true experimental study to get more reliable results and see the improvement in students’ learning of oral communication skills.