نواب آف چھتاری سرحافظ احمد سعید خان
افسوس ہے ۶/جنوری کی شام کونواب آف چھتاری سرحافظ احمد سعید خان صاحب نے ۹۴برس کی عمر میں علی گڑھ میں وفات پائی اوردوسرے دن اپنے آبائی وطن چھتاری میں مدفون ہوئے۔ نواب صاحب تقسیم سے پہلے وائسرائے کی اکزیکٹو کونسل کے ممبر اوریوپی کے گورنر رہ چکے تھے اس لیے ان کاجنازہ ان کی کوٹھی راحت منزل سے یونیورسٹی تک اوریونیورسٹی سے چھتاری تک پورے سرکاری اعزاز واکرام کے ساتھ لے جایا گیا۔ جلوس میں ہرفرقہ و ملت کے ہزاروں سوگواروں کے علاوہ متعدد وزرا اوراترپردیش کے اعلیٰ افسران حکومت بھی شامل تھے۔نماز جنازہ جس میں ہزاروں مسلمان شریک ہوئے، علی گڑھ اور چھتاری دونوں جگہ ہوئی۔جن لوگوں نے سرسید(متوفی۱۸۹۸ء)کوبہت قریب سے دیکھا اوران کی باتیں سنی ہیں، نواب صاحب غالباً اس بزم کی آخری شمع تھے، سدارہے نام اﷲ کا۔اناﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔
گذشتہ ایک صدی کے اندربرصغیر کے مسلمانوں میں مختلف حیثیتوں سے بڑی بڑی نامور اور قدآور شخصیتیں گزری ہیں جن کے طنطنۂ شہرت وکمال سے اس ملک کے بام و در عرصہ تک گونجتے رہے ہیں اوراب وہ تاریخ کی گود میں آسودۂ سکون ہیں لیکن یہ بات بلاخوف تردید کہی جاسکتی ہے کہ دین اوردنیا کے اعلیٰ صفات وکمالات اورامیری میں درویشی کی جامعیت کے اعتبار سے نواب صاحب کی شخصیت منفرد اوراپنی مثال آپ تھی، چنانچہ ایک طرف دنیوی عزت و وجاہت کے نقطۂ نظر سے انگریزوں کے عہد میں جوعہدہ ومنصب ایک ہندوستانی کی معراج ہوسکتاہے وہ انہی کو حاصل تھا، وہ وائسرائے کی کونسل کے ممبر بنے، اترپردیش کے پہلے مسلمان گورنر مقررہوئے، نظام حیدرآباد کے وزیر اعظم یا مدارالمہام برسوں رہے،نظام ٹرسٹ کے رکن منتخب ہوئے،علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی کے پہلے پروچانسلر اور پھر چانسلر سالہا سال رہے۔گورنمنٹ اورپبلک ہرجگہ بڑی عزت واحترام کی نظر سے دیکھے جاتے۔برطانیہ کے ایک نمائندہ...
After Second World War, when the distances between the East and the West began to reduce and the west paid attention to the eastern knowledge seriously. Especially European countries took interests in Islamic subjects and a new trend was generated which is known as Orientalism and the people who acquire the subjective knowledge are being called orientalists. In this connection the orientalists started shown keen interest in learning Islamic subjects and with that interest their object was not to spread the religion Islam but to negate and cancel the true picture of true religion Islam, fear of dominancy of Islam, spread of Christianity and multiple political nations. That is why the first thing they have targeted was the Holy Quran. While X-Prime minister William Evart Gladstone quoted 1882 ''Till the Quran exists, it is impossible for Europe to down the East''. Since then the new era of publication and translations of Quran took place, in which era the treatise and conversion made in various languages differently in different countries which will be discussed in this research article along with the discussion of orientalists who took part in the compositionor translation.
VANETs, an application of MANETs, enable ITS using IEEE 802.11p standard which is in favor of DSRC specifically designed for WAVE scenario. VANETs establish communication among vehicles (V2V) and road side infrastructure (V2I); while V2I communication using IEEE 802.11a/b/g standard. In VANETs vehicles, road side entities disseminate FSAMs about road conditions and other vital circumstances to ensure safety and avoid losses of precious lives and property. As in VANETs system vehicles move with high speed, so due to high mobility environment and topology also changes with time. In VANETs system accurate and on time delivery/reception of FSAMs is highly important to withstand against maliciously inserted security threats affectively. Hence, there is no optimum routing protocols which ensure on time delivery of FSAMs to destination. Due to frequent alteration in VANETs topology path failure, inter vehicle distance change and malicious node penetration may also result. So absolutely optimum protocols for secured delivery of packets exchange is still challenging. Clustering for VANETs is extremely beneficial but stability of existing clustering algorithms for VANETs exhibit poor robustness due to their dynamic nature. In this thesis, a new clustering algorithm is presented for VANETs by the name of moth flame optimization-driven, reproducing the social behavior and hunting approach of moth flames in designing proficient clusters. Due to the random range of VANETs, stability is a major area of research which has gained much attention. The main idea of presented algorithm is extracted from the living routine of moth flames. Presented algorithm permits well-organized communication by generating the amplified number of clusters and their unsupervised working make it as intelligent. Intelligent Clustering using Moth Flame Optimization (ICMFO) scheme is accomplished for determining and optimizing the clustering issues in VANETs; the primary focus of which is to enhance the stability in such networks. ICMFO is then validated by comparison with two other existing variants of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), i-e; Multiple-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) and Comprehensive Learning PSO (CLPSO) and one existing scheme of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) known as Ant Colony Optimization Based clustering algorithm for VANET (CACONET). Simulation results demonstrate that ICMFO is providing optimal results in comparison to existing techniques. It is also cleared from the proposed work results of different researchers, that there is no such protocols that is best suited for clustering as well as security implication in VANETs. Different routing schemes have different conduct performance metrics. In our thesis we concentrated and inspected different routing protocols. We have also presented a new security based scheme named ARV2V; and compared its results with existing techniques which are Trust and Logistic Trust in terms of TCE, EED, ALD and NRO. The scheme has presented security implication in our clustering based scheme ICMFO. In terms of TCE, ARV2V is 11.6% and 7.3% efficient than LT and Trust respectively. In terms of EED, we found ARV2V 57.6% performance 5.2% better than LT, also Trust schemes met 52.4% more delay than LT.Similarly, in term of ALD ARV2V provides 29.7% and 7.8% more stable link duration than Trust and LT respectively, however LT has 21.9% proficient ALD than Trust. ARV2V protocol have 27.5% and 14% lesser load than Trust and LT respectively in terms of NRO, while Trust has approximately 13% more NRO than LT.