PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA MASA RASULLAH SAW. (PERIODE MEKAH DAN MADINAH)

Islamic education today cannot be separated from Islamic education in Islamic classical era. The Prophet Muhammad has served as a central figure of Islamic education from Islamic classical era to modern Era. The implementation of Islamic education in the time of the Prophet Muhammad can be categorized into Meccan period and Medina Period. In Meccan period, the prophet  put emphasis on tawhid, who used to adhare to politism, to adhare to monotism, that is to believe in Allah the only God. The strategy of education employed by the prophet was secret in nature. Initially, he conducated Islamic education amongst the members of his family and his companions then  to more extended cummunity. In Mecca, the Prophet made the house of al-Arqam ibn Abi Al-Arqam, as the centre of  Islamic education.  In Medinan period, the prophet conducted more complex  Islamic  education  than that  he did in Mecca. Islamic education conducted to covered  (a) Islamic brotherhood; (b) social walfare education;   and (c) nation defence education. In this period, it was mosque that served as the centre of Islamic education.

The Determinants of Capital Building Methods: A Case Study of Textile Companies

maximize the shareholder wealth and success of companies. In capital budgeting decision making, when making the financial evaluations of the projects then capital budgeting methods are also used. Capital budgeting methods are influenced by the firms' characteristics and decision maker's characteristics. This study conducted with two aims to ascertain the prevailing capital budgeting methods in textile companies and to find the factors of capital budgeting methods. To obtain the objectives, major part of data collected by questionnaire and minor part of data collected from financial statements of 2013 of seventy seven textile companies which are listed on Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). Size (sales), leverage, growth (price-earnings ratio), dividend payout ratio, target range for solvency (debt-to-equity), proportion of foreign sales, management ownership, education of CEOs, age of CEOs and experience of CEOs are taken as independent variables and capital budgeting methods as dependent variables. Descriptive statistics showed that payback period is mostly used by textile companies of Pakistan. Ordinal regression analysis runs on data to find the determinants of capital budgeting methods. Findings showed that target range, foreign sales, size of firm, leverage, management ownership, education of CEOs and age of CEOs have significant association with capital budgeting methods and these are factors of CB methods while growth, dividend payout and tenure of CEOs have no significant association with any capital budgeting methods. Preference of PP method by firms shows that there is theory-practice gap existed in Pakistani textile companies. It is recommended that textile companies should to use sophisticated CB methods. For future studies it is recommended that these variables or some other variables should be studied in other private or public sectors of Pakistan.