مولانا عنایت اﷲ صاحب دہلوی مرحوم
گزشتہ اکتوبر کو علمی جماعت کے پرانے ممتاز رکن مولوی عنایت اﷲ صاحب دہلوی مرحوم سابق ناظم دارالترجمہ حیدرآباد دکن نے انتقال کیا، مرحوم علی گڑھ کالج کے دور اول کے ممتاز تعلیم یافتہ تھے، علم و ادب کا مذاق اپنے نامور باپ مولوی ذکاء اﷲ صاحب دھلوی سے ورثہ میں پایا تھا، طالب علمی ہی کے زمانہ سے ان کے یہ جوہر نمایاں تھے، سرسید کے بہت سے علمی اور ترجمہ وغیرہ کے کام وہی انجام دیتے تھے، اس دور کے ان کے بعض تراجم اب تک یادگار ہیں، ان میں سب سے اہم پروفیسر آرنلڈ کی مشہور کتاب ’’پریچنگ آف اسلام‘‘ کا ترجمہ ’’دعوتِ اسلام‘‘ ہے، تعلیم سے فراغت کے بعد ۱۸۹۳ء میں وہ کالج لائبریری کے لائبریرین مقرر ہوئے، کچھ دونوں تک ریاضی کی پروفیسری کی۔ اعزازی خدمت اور تہذیب الاخلاق کی ادارت کے فرائض انجام دیئے، ۱۹۰۰ء میں گورنمنٹ کے سلسلۂ ملازمت میں داخل ہوئے اور جونپور کی عدالت ججی میں منصرم مقرر ہوئے، ۱۹۱۵ء میں ریاست گوالیار نے گورنمنٹ سے ان کی خدمت مستعار لے کر اپنے شعبہ فنانس کا انڈر سکریٹری بنایا۔ دوران ملازمت میں ترجمہ کا مشعلہ برابر جاری رہا اور اس میں ان کو اتنی شہرت حاصل ہوگئی کہ جامعہ عثمانیہ کے قیام کے سلسلہ میں حیدرآباد میں جب دارالترجمہ کا قیام عمل میں آیا، تو گورنمنٹ نظام نے ان کو حیدرآباد میں منتقل کراکے ۱۹۲۰ء میں ان کو دارالترجمہ کا ناظم مقرر کیا، ۱۴ سال تک بڑی قابلیت کے ساتھ اس خدمت کو انجام دیتے رہے، ۱۹۳۴ء میں اس سے سبکدوشی حاصل کرکے دہرہ دون کی پر سکون فضا میں قیام اختیار کیا اور یہیں ۲۲؍ اکتوبر ۱۹۴۳ء کو وفات پائی۔
مرحوم کا خاص کمال ترجمہ کی مہارت تھی، اس میں ان کو ایسا ملکہ حاصل تھا کہ غیر زبانوں کی کتابوں...
The concept of time management is practice from decades. Time management has grabbed the attention of many scholars and there were many writings and analysis made. Time management is an important issue of human life as you cannot add more hours in a day, you have to plan yourself with the limitation of time. Islam focuses on the time management so that a believer should balance his life (spiritually, socially and economically). Islamic teachings are dynamic in their approach, they teach Muslim from every aspect of life and allow them to spend their time productively. Islam’s main focus is on the planning and organizing the time and our main focus is to depict what Islam teaches about time management and how it is practiced in the world. Then conventional methods of management are similar to the Islamic teachings.
Present study was conducted during four seasons of the year, 2008 namely winter (December to February), spring (March to April), summer (May to September) and autumn (October to November). The study was divided into two phases; in first phase a questionnaire survey was conducted on traditional management system of camels and climatic data was collected from three ecological zones under study (Faisalabad, Bhakkar and Attock). In second phase, total 24 mature healthy male camels were used for recording seasonal and ecological changes in the behavior, ultrasonographic structure and biometry of testis and serum biochemistry (steroid hormones and some minerals) at all the zones. Biopsy sampling was done from the camels kept at Faisalabad zone (n=12; 6 in each breeding and non-breeding season) for ultastructural investigations, and slaughterhouse sampling (n=24; 6 sample in each season of the year) was done for morphometrical studies. The period of sexual activity started earlier in November and extended more even up to April at Attk as compared to other zones. Male camels used for breeding even up to 20 years of age at Attk zone. Duration of copulation was up to even 35 min at Attk zone, so it can be derived that the males of Attk zone are more efficient in reproduction as compared to FSD and Bkkr. The degree of most of rutting behavioral signs varies among different seasons and climate of the location. Some behavioral signs were observed as more extensive at Attk and then Bkkr zone as compared to the FSD, in the autumn (October, November) and spring seasons of the year, which revealed that the rutting season started earlier at these locations (Attk and Bkkr) and extended even up to the start of the summer at Attk zone. Biometric studies showed significantly (P<0.01) higher scrotal length and width of the testis during winter and spring season as compared to summer and autumn. Ultrasonographic imaging showed, the parenchyma of the testis as homogenous and moderate echogenic, the testicular capsule was appeared as thick hyper-echoic structure and tunics were identified as hyperechoic lines in both longitudinal and transverse planes, covering the parenchyma. A thin intratunical anechoic linear area was identified, because of fluid between the connective tissue coverings. Mediastinum was visualized as hyperechoic central line in the longitudinal section and a central hyperechoic circular area in transverse plane of the testis. Season had a prominent noticeable effect on the ultrasonic picture of the testis and epididymis at all the experimental zones. Serum testosterone was higher (P<0.01) during the winter season atChapter 2: Review of literature 30 all ecological zones under study, it started decreasing during spring and reached baseline during summer, maintained almost same during autumn at FSD zone however increased again in autumn at Attk and Bkkr zones. This increased level in autumn season was more at Attk as compared to Bkkr zone. Serum estradiol 17- β was higher (P<0.01) during the cooler months including January, February at all the ecological zones, it started declining in the month of March, April and May, little increased level was observed in the month of June but again sloped down in July and remained on baseline in the months of August, September, October and November. Serum concentrations of calcium, iron, sodium and chloride were higher (P<0.01) during the winter and spring as compared to other seasons of the year, while vice versa was true for the serum potassium, as it was recorded as significantly higher during the summer season. Serum testosterone, estradiol, calcium, iron, sodium and chloride were negatively correlated with the average environmental temperature and rainfall while positively correlated with the relative humidity and vice versa for serum potassium levels with some regional variations among different zones. Morphometrical studies showed that the volume, weight of the testis, average diameter of Sertoli cells, volume of intertubular compartment, relative volume of Leydig cells (VLc %), total volume of Leydig cells (TVLc × 10 12 μm 3 ), numbers of Leydig cells ×10 9 per testis and % intertubular tissue in the parenchyma of testis, were significantly (P<0.01) higher during the winter and spring seasons as compared to summer and autumn. However, % area occupied by the seminiferous tubules, % seminiferous tubule / interstitium, and the volume occupied by the seminiferous tubules and diameter of seminiferous tubules were recorded as significantly (P<0.01) higher during summer and autumn as compared to winter and spring seasons. Ultrastructural studies showed highly active Leydig and Sertoli cells during breeding season of camels (cytoplasm was having abundant and developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), more oval to elongate mitochondria and few fat droplets) and vice versa during the non-breeding season.