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Home > Sensitivity to Negetive Evaualtion, Fear of Rejection and Social Competence Among the Students Having Avoidant Personality Tendencies

Sensitivity to Negetive Evaualtion, Fear of Rejection and Social Competence Among the Students Having Avoidant Personality Tendencies

Thesis Info

Author

Mujahid Mukhtar

Supervisor

Saira Khan

Program

Mphil

Institute

Riphah International University

Institute Type

Private

Campus Location

Faisalabad Campus

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

v, 55 . : ill. ; 30 cm.

Subject

Psychology

Language

English

Other

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in clinical Psychology to the Faculty of Social Science Humanities.; Includes bibliographical references; Thesis (M. Phil)-- Riphah International University, 2019; English; Call No: 150 MUJ

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676711318855

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ایلافِ وفا کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

ایلافِ وفا کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
اخلاق حیدر آبادی
(شعبہ اردو ، رفاہ انٹر نیشنل یونیورسٹی ،فیصل آباد)
شاعری انسانی تخیل کا پُر جمال اور بلیغ اظہار ہے۔ شاعری میں نظم نے انسانی فکر اور ادراک کو مربوط اور پر اعتماد ہو کر آگے بڑھایا ہے۔ آرائش خیال کے لیے کبھی پابند نظم اور کبھی نظم ِ معرا کو خوب پذیرائی حاصل ہوئی۔ پھر آزاد نظم نے نسبتاً انسانی فکری جہتوں کو زیادہ بے باک انداز اور آزادی کے ساتھ پیش کیا ۔اردو شاعری کے منظر نامے میںنظم گو شعرا ابلاغ کی سطح پر پیش رفت کرتے نظر آتے ہیں۔ وقت کے ساتھ نظم کی روایت نے تخلیق کار کو ایک نئے آہنگ سے متعارف کرایا۔
شاعری کی بابت بہت کچھ کہا گیا ہے اور کہا جاسکتا ہے مگر مختصر اور جامع طور پر ہم کولرج اور شیلے کے ہم زبان ہو کر کہہ سکتے ہیں ’’شاعری تخیل کی زبان ہے‘‘ ۔کانٹ نے بہت دل نشین اندازمیں اپنی کتاب ’’انتقادِ محاکمہ(Aesthetic judgment of critique) ‘‘ میں اپنے کلیدی جملہ میں اپنے نظریہ تخیل کا خلاصہ یوں پیش کیا ہے
’’ تخیل اس مواد سے جو فطرت اس کے لیے مہیا کرتی ہے،ایک فطرتِ ثانی تخلیق کرنے والا ایک زبر دست عامل ہے‘‘(۱)
شاعر یا تخلیق کار کے پاس اظہار کے لیے جو چیز اساس بنتی ہے۔ وہ اس کا احساسِ تخیل ہے۔ ابلاغ کے لیے علامت، استعارہ ،مشاہدہ اور تجربہ تو ہوتا ہے۔ بلکہ الفاظ کے انتخاب کا کڑا فیصلہ بھی شاعر کو ہی کرنا پڑتا ہے۔ اسی طرح نظم کا نام بلا شبہ علامت ہے۔ کسی چیز کی ماہیت نہیں ۔ شعریات کو صنف میں علامتی سطح پر وابستہ کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ حالی ؔ کا یہ قول’’ نفسِ شعر وزن کا محتاج نہیں‘‘ اب تک ایک بامعنی اور راہنما ہے۔ عبدالسمیع اپنی کتاب ’’اردو میں...

PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF MODEL GROUP INVESTIGATION (GI) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI

Model pembelajaran mempengaruhi motivasi dan hasil belajar Biologi siswa sekolah menengah atas. Berdasarkan observasi awal, diketahui bahwa pembelajaran Biologi di kelas X-1 SMA Negeri 7 Malang memiliki beberapa ciri, yaitu (1) motivasi belajar siswa cenderung kurang, (2) dalam menyelesaikan suatu tugas, siswa dengan karakteristik yang sama cenderung mengelompok sehingga terbentuk kelompok homogen yang tidak seimbang di kelas, dan (3) metode ceramah yang diterapkan oleh guru tidak menarik minat siswa sehingga mempengaruhi hasil belajarnya. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif model Group Investigation (GI) untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar Biologi siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan dirancang dalam dua siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif model GI dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar Biologi siswa. Motivasi belajar siswa meningkat sebesar 31, 48% yaitu dari 46, 15% dengan kategori cukup pada siklus I menjadi 77, 63% dengan kategori baik pada siklus II. Hasil belajar siswa juga mengalami peningkatan, terlihat dari nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 81, 94% pada siklus I menjadi 89, 18% pada siklus II dan siswa yang tuntas belajar juga mengalami peningkatan dari 79, 49% pada siklus I menjadi 97, 44 % pada siklus II. Hasil angket juga menunjukkan bahwa siswa menyukai dan lebih termotivasi untuk belajar Biologi setelah mengikuti pembelajaran dengan pembelajaran kooperatif model GI.

Analysis of Adoption Gap of Weed Management Practices Among Farmers under Different Cropping Systems in District Khanewal Punjab , Pakistan

Weed management has become a major problem, which needs to be addressed properly by adopting all possible measures to control weeds. Weed infestation is a very serious problem as it can reduce 20-40% yield of wheat, 20-63% of rice, 20-55% of cotton, 10- 18% of potato, and up to 45% of maize by utilizing productivity of land in the form of water and nutrients through root zones. This situation calls for an urgent need to create awareness among the farmers about the recommended weed management practices. There are many extension organizations both public and private working in Pakistan for the introduction of weed management practices among the farmers. However, there are many constraints in the adoption of these practices like shortage of proper facilities available to farmers, high prices of weedicides, adulteration in weedicides, ineffective extension services, and lack of awareness among farmers regarding recommended weed management practices. Keeping in view this situation, present study was designed to analyze the adoption gap of weed management practices by farmers under different cropping systems. The present study was conducted in district Khanewal (Punjab), Pakistan. The most commonly practiced cropping systems in all the four tehsils of district Khanewal are rice-wheat, cotton-wheat, cotton-maize and maize-potato. Total sample size used in this study consisted of 400 farmers (respondents) selected by simple random sampling technique by drawing 100 farmers from each cropping system. A pre-tested, validated and reliable interview schedule was used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using frequency distributions, weighted scores, standard deviation, mean and LSD values. The Chi-square was used for computing the relationship of socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents with different factors relating to the adoption gap of effective weed management practices. The age, education, farm size, tenancy status, farming experience and annual income of the respondents had shown highly significant association with their awareness regarding weed management practices whereas sources of income had a significant relationship with their awareness about weed management practices in all the cropping systems (C-M, C-W, M-P and R-W). Education, farm size, and annual income of the respondents showed highly significant effects on their adoption. Age and income had a significant association, whereas, tenancy status, farming experience, sources of income had non-significant association with their adoption about weed management practices in all the CSs. Non-availability of labour, lack of time, non-availability of machinery, adulteration and high cost of weedicides were major hindrances in the adoption of recommended weed management practices as reported by the respondents. The high adoption gap of weed management practices in all the CSs was observed. In order to minimize the adoption gap, it was suggested that pure and effective weedicides should be made available at reasonable prices and extension field staff (EFS) should arrange more visits to solve the problems of farmers. Policy makers should take steps to ensure regular checking of rate lists and licenses of herbicide dealers to maintain prices and quality of inputs. It was also suggested by the farmers that there should be good cooperation between farmers and EFS. Furthermore, printed material should be provided to the educated farmers to get deep insight of weed management tactics. It is also proposed that EFS should be equipped with proper training regarding weed management strategies, and their knowledge level and communication skills must be upgraded.