Running Musharakah Product of Islamic Banks: An Alternative of Running Finance

Islamic banking system is growing day by day. The new era of Islamic banking is very successful as new products are being introduced by Islamic banks to cater the demands of customer under Shariah guidelines, there was demand of a product for working capital as an alternative to the conventional product of running finance. Running Musharakah Product has been introduced as substitute to Running Finance Product. In this paper the concept of Running Finance as well as Running Musharakah is described, the practical steps of running Musharakah are also illustrated to examine the viability of the product.

Outcomes of Trauma Exposure Among Adolescents of Pakistan: Role of Ptsd and Social Support

This study aimed to examine the outcomes such as Delinquency, Prosociality and Future Orientation as a consequence of trauma exposure in traumatized adolescents with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) along with examining the mediating role of PTSD. A total of 600 adolescents (391 boys and 209 girls) of age ranged from 12 -18 years including traumatized (n=300) and non-traumatized adolescents (n=300) were randomly selected from different regions of Pakistan. The data was collected by using Self Report Delinquency Scale, Prosocial Personality Battery, Children’s Future Orientation Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and UCLA PTSD RI (DSM 5). PTSD was significantly and positively associated with delinquency (r= .65) and pro-sociality (r= .67), while negatively associated with future orientation (r= -.51). The results further explained the mediating role of PTSD between the predictor traumatic exposure and outcomes future orientation, prosociality and delinquency in addition to the moderating role of social support. Further analysis showed that traumatized adolescents were higher on PTSD (M= 69.1, SD= 4.04) and delinquency (M= 60.1, SD= 30.6) whereas were lower on social support (M= 31.6, SD= 23.9), future orientation (M= 52.7, SD= 20.0) and prosociality (M= 156, SD= 69.2). Non-traumatized adolescents were lower on PTSD (M= 19.6, SD= 4.33) and delinquency (M= 24.6, SD= 4.72) whereas higher on social support (M= 60.2, SD= 3.09), future orientation (M= 68.5, SD= 2.67) and prosociality (M= 243, SD= 7.92). Females scored higher on social support (M= 60.4, SD= 2.9), prosociality (M= 242.5, SD= 8.0) and PTSD (M= 43.4, SD= 25.4) whereas males were found higher on future orientation (M= 68.6, SD= 2.5) and delinquency (M= 47.7, SD= 29.7). Males scored lower on social support (M= 37.0, SD= 24.2), prosociality (M= 188.2, SD= 69.5) and PTSD (M= 38.6, SD= 24.2) whereas females were found lower on future orientation (M= 49.6, SD= 20.5) and delinquency (M= 23.9, SD= 4.6). The healthy potential for having a normal adolescence in Pakistan is unlikely in the current circumstances and the future psychological well-being of Pakistani children/ adolescents is at risk of being compromised by on-going traumatic experiences. This study indicates the urge for the timely management of the outcomes as a consequence of exposure to traumatic events.