مولانا سیدابوالحسن علی ندوی
داعی الیٰ اﷲ کی وفات
افسوس اور سخت افسوس ہے کہ محفلِ دوشیں کا وہ چراغ سحر جو پچھلے برس ہی سے ضعف و مرض کے جھونکوں سے بجھ بجھ کر سنبھل جاتا تھا بالآخر ہمیشہ کے لیے بجھ گیا۔ یعنی اس دور کے بہت مقبول و مقدس بزرگ، دنیائے اسلام کے محبوب و محترم عالم، عرب و عجم کی سرمایہ افتخار و نازش ذات، شرق و غرب کی موقر و مکرم ہستی، ہر فرقہ و مذہب کے معزز و معتمد شخص، انسانیت کے پیام رساں اور علمبردار، مسلمانوں کے راہبر و رہنما، دین و مذہب کے عاشق و شیدائی، اسلام کے داعی و نقیب، ایمان و یقین کے حامل و مبلغ، عزیمت و جہاد کے پیکر، خانہ کعبہ کے کلید بردار، ہندوستان میں سرمایہ ملت کے نگہبان، ندوۃ العلماء کے ناظم، دارالمصنفین کے روح رواں، مسلم پرسنل لابورڈ اور دینی تعلیمی کونسل کے صدر، رابطہ عالمِ اسلامی اور مدینہ یونیورسٹی کے تاسیسی رکن، رابطہ ادب اسلامی کے بانی و صدر اسلامی سینٹر آکسفورڈ یونیورسٹی کے چیرمین اور ہندو بیرونِ ہند کے مختلف اداروں اور انجمنوں کے سربراہوں اور سرپرست حضرت مولانا سیدابوالحسن علی ندوی نے ۲۲؍ رمضان المبارک ۱۴۲۰ھ، ۳۱؍ دسمبر ۱۹۹۹ء کو اس سرائے فانی کو الوداع کہا، انا ﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون، اور اپنے لاکھوں عقیدت مندوں، قدردانوں، رفیقوں اور عزیزوں کو غم زدہ اور سوگوار چھوڑ کر زبان حال سے یہ کہتے ہوئے موت کی آغوش میں چلے گئے۔
اضا عونی وای فتی اضا عوا
لیوم کریھۃ و سدا و ثغر
بیسویں صدی کے اختتام سے ایک برس پہلے جب شمسی سال کے ختم ہونے میں ایک دن رہ گیا تھا تو یہ المناک اور دل دوز خبر بجلی بن کر گری۔
نعی الرکب اوفی حین آیت رکا بھم
لعمری لقد جاؤ ابشر فاوجعوا
نعواباسق الا فعال لایخلفونہ
تکاد...
It is said that “Mony makes the mare go ” and it is so because AH’ah Subhdn-au-Taa’la Has willed it so. Wealth is thus, a great blessing and a means of great trial for man at the same time. It is utility and worth-no matter how a man may amass wealth- is restricted to this world alone. A man enters into the world hereafter-empty handedly. All his treasured troves of gold and silver are bequeathed to his loved ones after his demise. Had there been no proper mechanism or a modus-oerandi for the division of this left-over money/inheritance then violence and bloody feuds would have sparked amongst the heirs. Hence we find that almost all religions offer guidelines for the division of ( bequeathed mony or) wealth and valuables left after the death of a person. So is the case of Hindu religion. The purpose of this article is to focus, assess and analyze the Hindu system of inheritance-as to how to disperse the left-over wealth amongst the closest relatives of the decease
This study is an attempt to analyze the youth labour market activities and outcomes in Pakistan. Based on micro data of Labour Force Survey (2006-07), the strength of analysis presented in the study is twofold. First, it presents a comprehensive descriptive analysis of youth labour market at provincial and country level. Second, the econometric analyses describe the determinants of youth activities, employment probabilities, wage, employment status and supply of working hours in Pakistan. Moreover, a comparison between youth, child, and adult labour market outcomes is also made to judge the relative position of youth in the labour market. One of the main contributions of the study is that it tests the link between educational attainment and youth labour market outcomes in Pakistan. More specifically, we set the human capital theory not only in terms of wage equation but also extend it to analyze the impact of human capital on probabilities of employment, employment status choices and decision of hours worked. Our results confirm the hypothesis that increase in the level of education increases the earnings of individuals. Surprisingly, however, we find higher probabilities of unemployment among educated youth in Pakistan. Further analysis shows that lack of proper skills and experience, higher expectations about job and earnings, predominance of the informal economy (which is highly biased towards unskilled low wage labour) are the main factors that may contribute to the higher unemployment among the educated youth in Pakistan. Results show that young people with higher education level are more likely to be an employee instead of self-employed. On the other hand, youth with low level of education are more likely to be self-employed and less likely to work for normal hours. Another important contribution of the study is the analysis of youth labour market based on usual status approach. We find large differences between unemployment rates based on weekly status and usual status approaches. The main reason of such differences is the selection of one week reference period which greatly undercounts the extent of unemployed people in the country. The study shows that a significant percentage of young people start their career early and are vulnerable in the labour market. Moreover, a substantial percentage of youth is neither in labour force nor enrolled as student which shows the wastage of human resources in the society. To empirically investigate the youth labour market outcomes, the study uses two types of econometric techniques, logistic and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Our results suggest that youth living in rural areas are more likely to participate in economic activities, work in informal or agricultural sector, work for fewer hours and are less likely to be unemployed or enrolled as a student as compared to their urban counterparts. In general, being a female reduces the chances of employment or full-time student, and increases the chances to remain in the vulnerable employment throughout the working life. Our results show that age, sex, marital status, migration, training, location, employment status, education level and characteristics of head of household have significant impact on youth labour market activities and employment probabilities. Similarly, young people living in households with better employment status and education of the head of household are more likely to enroll as a student instead of being engaged in informal and low paid activities. Results of the multinomial logit estimates for supply of working hours suggest that chances of working for excessive hours increase if the young person is male, living in urban areas or have status of employer or self- employed. At the end, study makes some recommendations that youth in Pakistan cannot be considered as a homogeneous group, their preferences and opportunities of work depend upon their age, sex, marital status, education level and family structure. Therefore, the needs of youth must be addressed in a comprehensive manner keeping in view their educational, social and labour market requirements in different regions of the country.