Origin of Earth: A Quranic Perspective

The modern scientific concepts were clearly envisioned in the Qur'an date back to 7th century, when observational facilities were not available, mathematical principles were not discovered, primary principles (quarks) and fundamental forces  i.e. Gravitational and electromagnetic were not identified. The word earth (أرْضَARD) appears 409 times in Quran. The number of verses in which the Earth is mentioned first is quite small, e.g. Sura 2, verse 29 and sura 20, verse 4, where a reference is made to "Him Who created the earth and the high heavens". On the other hand the numbers of verses where the Heavens are mentioned before the Earth are much larger e.g. Sura-l-araf (7), Verse 54; SuraYunus (10), verse 3; SuraQaf (50), verse 38; Sura l-Hadid (79), verses 27 to 33 etc. The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance. Sura l-Baqarah, verse (67)[i] states:  قَالَ أعُوْذُ بِاللهِ اأنْ أَکُوْنَ مِنَ الْجَاهِلِيْن He said, "I seek refuge in Allah from being among the ignorant."The Qur'an does not render a coordinated description of the Earth Creation. In lieu of a continuous story of creation, there are verses dispersed all over the Quran which deal with certain aspects of the Earth Creation. These scattered verses provide information on the sequential events marking its development with varying degrees of detail. The Quran referred toward at least five points which shed light on the creation of heaven and earth.  And these points are entirely confirmed by scientific facts.    

Intelligent Security Level Selection System for H. 264 Videos

The internet is getting credit for being a backbone of information sharing these days. As the demand of the transmission of information on the un-trusted network increases, people demanding the more secure mechanism to share data on hybrid networks. Now a day, the Ib contents contain multimedia which demands security along with a maximum compression ratio of transmission over the networks. The aim of this research paper is twofold, one the novel lightIight encryption method is proposed which is based on Permutation rounds with exclusive OR (P-XOR) and second the implementation of expert systems to auto detects three different security levels for hybrid devices/networks. P-XOR is a symmetric stream cipher with three keys of 128 bits along with five rounds. As per the need of heterogeneous devices and networks, three security levels are implemented on the compression stage of H.264 bit-streams. Three cipher algorithms, i.e. exclusive OR (XOR) for low level security, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for high level security and newly proposed P-XOR for medium level security are selected by the implementation of fuzzy rule based expert system. The proposed expert system intelligently selected the best security level by judging the device and network requirements for H.264 video transmission. The proposed framework has resolved the key problem of selecting the same level of hybrid infrastructure, i.e. the devices like mobiles, tablets, laptops and servers with differing requirements like energy, storage, and resolution and frame rate. The results on different sample videos have confirmed the validity of the proposed expert system for selection of different security levels. As a research contribution, the implementation of proposed framework has provided the minimum computational cost due to selective encryption, better performance in terms of selection time by the expert system, video format compliance and without network overhead for encrypted videos on said security levels.