آہ مولانا عبدالسلام ندوی
تو نظیریؔ نہ فلک آمد وبودی جو مسیح
باز پس رفتی وکس قدر تو نشنافت دریغ
حضرت الاستاذ رحمۃ اﷲ علیہ کا غم ابھی بھولا نہ تھا، مولانا سید مناظر احسن گیلانیؒ کی یاد ابھی بالکل تازہ تھی کہ ایک اور قدیم اور اہم علمی یادگار مٹ گئی اور مولانا عبدالسلام صاحب ندوی نے ۳ اور ۴ اکتوبر کی درمیانی شب کو دفعتہ انتقال کیا، دارالمصنفین کی پرانی بزم علمی کی یہی ایک شمع رہ گئی تھی جس سے اس دور کی یاد قائم تھی، افسوس کہ وہ ابھی گل ہوگئی، مرحوم مولانا شبلی کے شاگرد رشید دارالمصنفین کے پرانے رکن رکین اور اس کے علمی کاموں میں حضرت الاستاذ کے دست راست تھے، ایک زمانہ میں دونوں کا نام ساتھ ساتھ لیا جاتا تھا، وہ دارالمصنفین کے قیام کے ساتھ ہی اس سے وابستہ ہوگئے تھے اور مر کر اس سے جدا ہوئے۔
وہ فطری مصنف و اہل قلم اور ادیب و انشا پرداز تھے، ان کی اس استعداد کا اعتراف مولانا شبلیؒ کو ان کی طالب علمی کے زمانہ سے تھا، اور انھوں نے ان کے ایک کامیاب مصنف بننے کی پیشین گوئی کی تھی، یہ پیشین گوئی پوری ہوئی اور ہندوستان کے نامور مصنفین میں ان کا شمار ہوا، ان کی تصانیف نے دوسروں کو مصنف اور ادیب و انشا پرداز بنادیا اور ملک کا علمی مذاق بنانے میں ان کا بھی حصہ ہے، ان کی قوت اخذ بڑی تیز تھی، سرسری مطالعہ سے کتابوں کا جوہر کھینچ لیتے تھے قلم برداشتہ لکھتے تھے اور اس پر نظرثانی اور حک و اصلاح کی ضرورت بہت کم پیش آتی تھی، ان کا مسودہ اولیٰ ہی مبیضہ ہوتا تھا، قلم کی یہ پختگی کم مصنفین کو نصیب ہوتی ہے، علامہ شبلی کی زندگی ہی میں، الندوہ کے سب اڈیٹر اور اس کے...
This research is a correlational study with two variables – variable X standing for vocabulary mastery and variable Y standing for reading comprehension. There were three research questions: (1) What is the level of correlation between variable X and variable Y; (2) How significant is the contribution that can be given by variable X toward variable Y; and (3) Is there positive correlation between variable X and variable Y? The sample of this research was fifty students of the first semester at Economic Faculty of Alkhairaat University. The instruments were tests and questionnaire. Through tests, it was found that: (1) The level of correlation between variable X and variable Y was strong; (2) The significant contribution given by variable X toward variable Y was 52.8%, meaning variable X gave much contribution to variable Y; and (3) There was positive correlation between variable X and variable Y since the value of r-counted (0.727) was higher than the value of r-table (0.279). Through questionnaire, 46% respondents agreed that vocabulary took a role in helping them to comprehend English texts, meaning the more vocabulary they have, the better they are in comprehending English texts.
Drought effects plant internal functions as the constraint for production. Different strategies are using to mitigate it. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and cytokinins (CK) plays important role under water stress and help to enhance crop growth. Seed inoculation with PGPR is increase soil fertility. Growth hormones like cytokinins improve plant functions and actual yield through exogenous application. To determine the effect of PGPR and cytokinins on the growth and yield of wheat under drought, planned wire house and field experiment were arranged at the research area of Agronomy Department, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Four wire house experiments and three field experiments were set, to check PGPR and CK effecr wheat growth and yield under drought. First wire house experiment was the screening of best genotype of wheat variety in drought. 10 different wheat varieties (V1= Aas-2011, V2= Mairaj-2008, V3= Fareed-2006, V4= Punjab-2011, V5= Lasani-2008, V6= Faisalabad-2008, V7= Galaxy2013, V8= Millat-2011, V9= AARI-2011, V10= Uqaab-2000) were used for screening under water deficit stress at tillering, anthesis and grain filling stage to identify best genotype under drought stress under agro ecological conditions of Bahawalpur. Galaxy2013 was observed the highest yielding variety under drought stress among them. It was also noticed that drought stress damaged crop functions and growth. Second experiment was to identify the best PGPR strain. Azospirillum, Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Moraxella were isolated from soil rhizosphere of Acacia nilotica under. A. brasilense Azo-1 was selected as a best PGPR strain among them. Next experiment was carried in both wire house and field entitled, “Cytokinins applied under drought stress to improve growth and physiological efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”. Seven treatments were used in experiment (To =Control, T1 =Drought at tillering, T2 =Drought at tillering + CKs Application, T3 =Drought at anthesis, T4 = Drought at anthesis + CKs Application, T5 = Drought at grain filling, T6 = Drought at grain filling + CKs Application). 5th experiment (wire house) was arranged to investigat the effect of Azospirillum brasilense and Rhizobium pisi on agronomic traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and results showed that co-inoculation gives the best results. 6th experiment was carried under field condition entitled, “Use of Azospirillum brasilense as a drought management tool in wheat crop” and noticed that A. brasilense inoculated wheat plants under drought showed more yield as compared to un-inoculated treatments. 7th, 2 years experiment was arranged to investigate the combine effect of PGPR and CK under drought stress in wheat crop. 13 treatments were used (To=Control, T1=Drought at tillering, T2=Drought at tillering +PGPR, T3=Drought at tillering +CKs, T4 = Drought at tillering +PGPR+CKs, T5 = Drought at anthesis, T6=Drought at anthesis +PGPR, T7=Drought at anthesis +CKs, T8=Drought at anthesis +PGPR+CKs, T9 = Drought at grain filling, T10 = Drought at grain filling +PGPR, T11 = Drought at grain filling+ CKs, T12 = Drought at grain filling +PGPR+CKs) in this experiment having three replications. Combined application of PGPR and CK is more beneficial for alleviation of drought. 5.90%, 3.49%, 4.09% and 6%, 8.51%, 4.07% more grain yield was recorded during 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively, by combine application of PGPR and CK under drought. Beneficial bacteria colonize the rhizosphere impart drought tolerance. CK participate in removing of ROS from the cell and increases antioxidant enzymes during drought stress so plant growth and yield improved under such condition.