موجودہ جمہوری سیاسی اضطرابی صورتحال کا جائزہ اور اس کا حل: سیرۃ طیبہﷺ کی روشنی میں

The set of formal legal institutions that collectively constitute a “government”or a “state” form the basis of what we call “Political System”. Democracy, one of the institutions withiun the present day political scenario, is a system of processing conflicts in which the outcomes depend on what the opinion of majority of the participants is. In such a process, no single force or group can control what occurs unless they can prove their majority. The primary problem with the world politics in today’s world is not much different to what it has been over the centuries - it is controlled by people who are generally incapable of envisioning a system of just government that could address the broader problems faced by humanity and that which could think beyond the immediate scene. Nothing about our world will change until we acknowledge this reality and that the quality of life depends on more than a mere establishment of rules by which to live and carry out commerce. It requires an understanding of the universal issues that are not yet considered as a part of the better human condition by most governments of our time. Politicians always have, focussed on the tangible issues of the physical social structure while being oblivious to the fact that such a framework can be no more useful in improving the human condition than is the altruistic value of the foundation on which it is built. In this paper, the existing democratic political system has been thoroughly analyzed in accordance with the seerah of our beloved messengerﷺ.

What Strategies are Employed by the Head Teacher to Empower Teachers in the Classrrom

Case study research was conducted to explore and understand the strategies that the school head teacher employs to empower teachers in classroom teaching. The study was conducted in a government school in Karachi, Pakistan with the head teacher and two classroom teachers. The main purpose of the study was to see what strategies are used mostly in empowering teachers and for how much these strategies help in improving teaching performance and enhancing school improvement. It is necessary to note that curriculum is most important factor in classroom teaching and learning. If classroom teaching is not meeting the needs of the students learning will not be effective. Also if teachers have no willpower in implementing curriculum, it is likely to affect the teaching process in the classroom. In classroom teaching, things like methodology, instructions, resources, materials, and strategies are necessary for implementation. Therefore, this study focuses on the use of such characters and examines how the school head teacher encourages teachers on the practice of these characteristics while practicing teaching in the classroom. The study reveals that the head teacher is the most important person in the school reform, and she is the change agent. Also, the study shows that teacher empowerment is one important aspect of education reform in the school. For the current situation, the head teacher understands the importance of the educational change process that focuses on teacher empowerment for school improvement. Several strategies were found to be critical in practicing teacher empowerment in the classroom teaching, among them are: providing teacher with freedom, introducing change, and providing teachers with professional development, and providing rewards support, trust and autonomy. The study urges the educational policy to rethink school leadership structure roles together with skills and knowledge of head teacher and teachers in realizing teacher empowerment.