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A Conceptual Framework for Software Reliability Testing

Thesis Info

Author

Abdul Rauf

Supervisor

Rizwan Bin Faiz

Program

MS

Institute

Riphah International University

Institute Type

Private

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

vi, 150 . : ill. ; 30 cm. +CD

Language

English

Other

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Sciences in Software Engineering to the Faculty of Computing; Includes bibliographical references; Thesis (MS)--Riphah International University, 2017; English; Call No: 005.14 ABD

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676711384348

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اسد ملتانی

اسد ملتانی
گذشتہ ماہ نومبر میں جناب اسد ملتانی بھی کراچی میں وفات پاگئے۔مرحوم صاحب فن استاد سُخن تھے۔قدرت کلام کایہ عالم تھا کہ ہر صنف شاعری میں بے تکلف دادسخن دے سکتے تھے۔مگراُن کااصل میدان قومی شاعری تھا۔اس رنگ میں ڈاکٹر اقبال مرحوم کے متبع تھے ۔سرکاری نوکری کی مصروفیتوں کے باعث ان کو اپنے حوصلہ کے مطابق شاعری کازیادہ موقع نہیں ملا۔پھر بھی جتنا کچھ لکھ گئے ہیں صف اوّل کے شعراء میں اُن کانام زندہ رکھنے کے لیے کافی ہے۔طبعاً بڑے مخلص، منکسرالمزاج،مرنج ومرنجان قسم کے آدمی تھے۔الھم اغفرلہ وارحمہ
[دسمبر۱۹۵۹ء]

 

عہد نبوی میں نوجوان صحابہ کرام کا بطور معلم تقرر اور اصلاح معاشرہ میں ان کا کردار

It is above-board that teachers play an important role in forming, formulating, molding and developing the society as individuals and as a whole. The youth has ever been an icon to lead the community in every sphere of life. The young stuff has played the pivotal role in preaching, scribing, teaching, political, economic and even diplomatic fields. The present research article explores the role of various companions of Holy Prophet (r) in these fields. Firstly, the Holy Prophet (r) groomed his companions, stormed their brains and paved them on the Divine way, then sent them to the said fields to work. Among those companions, Ḥaḍrat Muṣ‘ab bin ‘Umayr, Mu‘ādh bin Jabal, ‘Abdullāh ibn e Maktūm, Rāfi‘ bin Mālik, ‘Abdullāh ibn e Mas‘ūd, ‘Abdullāh ibn e ‘Abbās, Abū Sa‘īd Khudrī (y) as well as from females Ḥaḍrat ‘Āyshah, Ḥaḍrat Ḥafṣah, Shifā bint-e-‘Abdullah etc. Were appointed as preachers. Their task was not only to teach and educate the community rather to present themselves before them as paragon for their particular fields. The research concludes that the Prophet (r) laid down a criteria for selection of the teachers of Muslim Ummah. The selection criteria of the Prophet (r) was based not only on contingent variables but also on some special characteristics like teaching and training, potential empathy for the learners and a passion for social reformation. As a result, these preachers, after practicing their ideal and best performance, produced numerous educations, merchants, facilitators and reformers in the society. The present research paper will explore the companions’ efforts for the reformation of the society.

Azaheterocycles and Peptides Design, Synthesis, Bioevaluation and Computational Studies

A chemical library of small drug-like heterocylic compounds, 2,3-dihydro-1,5- benzothiazepines was synthesized using Silica gel as an inorganic support. All the synthesized 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepines were obtained in excellent yields. Another library of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles was synthesized by a Cu(I) catalyzed click reaction, where organic azides, with electron donating and electron withdrawing groups acted as 1,3-dipoles and 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol and acetylene served as the terminal alkyne counterparts. The [3+2] cycloaddition was highly regiospecific and lead exclusively to 1,4-disubstituted triazoles in high yields. Seven sets of triazoles were synthesized, the synthesized triazoles were obtained in good yields. Some hetero-aryl 1,2,3-triazoles were also synthesized successfully in good yields. “On water”, one pot synthesis of triazoles of set 4, under the same click conditions was also employed. The method proved to be facile and more economic. Characterization of all the synthesized 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepines, azides and triazoles was carried out through their physical constants and spectroscopic data. Regioselective chiral synthesis of peptides and iso-peptides was also carried out by employing benzotriazole mediated synthesis where benzotriazole acts as both activating and leaving group. All the synthesized peptides were obtained in good to excellent yields with retention of original chirality as confirmed through the single set of signals in 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra. Peptidyl triazoles were also synthesized for fragment based coupling to obtain longer chain iso-peptides. Microwave assisted OàN acyl migration in iso-tri peptides and iso-tetrapeptide was carried out for the synthesis of native peptides from iso-peptides. Moreover Traceless Native Chemical Ligation (TNCL) on the serine site was successfully achieved through 8- and 11- membered transition states in iso-tri- and iso-tetrapeptides respectively. The synthesized chemical libraries of heterocycles were screened for their potential as, α-glucosidase and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors, BChE is a tetrameric glycoprotein BChE, distributed in the body of vertebrates specially Central Nervous System (CNS). Some 1,4-di-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles such as 37, 40, 45, 53 and 60 were found active against α-glucosidase and BChE. These dual inhibitors may be important for developing drugs for the treatment of AD and T2D. Peptides and iso- iiiAbstract peptides were subjected to chemo-preventive assays on breast cancer cell lines along with cytotoxicity assays. Some of these peptides exhibited moderate activities against cancer cell lines. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of synthesized heterocycles and peptides were also studied but activities were not remarkable. Computational studies were carried out on active compounds, with an objective to provide an insight to binding mode analysis of active compounds against different targets by using the molecular docking tools and physical descriptor module of Molecular Operating Environment (MOE). All the compounds except few deviations from only one parameter, showed compliance with Ro5 and hence found to be druglike. Human BChE (PDB code:1POI) was selected for docking studies of active compounds. Homology modeling of α-glucosidase was carried out for maximum sequence similarity. Modeled α- glucosidase was used for molecular docking studies. A good relationship was observed between the activity and ligand receptor interaction of active compounds. Molecular docking of peptides were also carried out against kinases and two of the proteins were imported from the protein data bank with PDB codes, 3BRT (1kkα) and 3BRV (1kkβ) respectively. The binding mode was analyzed by studying ligand-receptor complex interaction of these peptides.