موضوع10:اخترالایمان
اختر الایمان (پیدائش: 12 نومبر 1915ء — وفات: 9 مارچ 1996ئ) ضلع بجنوراترپردیش کی تحصیل نجیب آباد میں پیدا ہوئے تھے۔ ان کے والد کا نام مولوی فتح محمد تھا۔اختر الایمان جدید نظم کے مایہ ناز شاعر ہیں اور انہوں نے بالی ووڈ کو بھی خوب سیراب کیا ہے۔ اخترالایمان کا پیدائشی نام راؤ فتح محمد رکھا گیا تھا۔ راؤ اس راجپوت گھرانے کی وجہ سے تھا، جن سے ان کا تعلق تھا۔ اسی نام کی مناسبت سے ان کے گاؤں کا نام راؤ کھیڑی تھا۔ انہیں 1963ء میں فلم دھرم پوتر میں بہتری مکالمہ کے لیے فلم فیئر اعزاز سے نوازا گیا۔ یہی اعزاز انہیں 1966ء میں فلم وقت (فلم) کے لیے بھی ملا۔ 1962ء میں انہیں اردو میں اپنی خدمات کے لیے ساہتیہ اکیڈمی اعزاز ملا۔ یہ اعزاز ان کا مجموعہ یادیں کے لیے دیا گیا تھا۔
ابتدائی زندگی اور تعلیم:
ان کی ولادت 1915ء میں پتھر گنج، نجیب آباد ، بجنور ضلع، اتر پردیش، بھارت میں ہوئی۔ انہوں نے ابتدائی تعلیم بجنور میں ہی حاصل کی جہاں ان کی ملاقات اردو شاعر خورشید الاسلام سے ہوئی۔ وہ علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی میں معلم تھے اور رالف رسل سے ان کا گہرا واسطہ تھا۔ اختر الایمان نے ذاکر حسین دہلی کالج سے گریجویشن کی تعلیم مکمل کی۔
کیریئر:
یوں تو اردو شاعری میں غزل کا بول بالا رہا ہے اور ابتداء ہر شاعر غزل میں طبع آزامائی کرتا ہے مگر اخترالایمان نے غزم کی بجائے نظم کو ترجیح دی اور ایک کامیاب نظم کے شاعر بن کر ابھرے۔ یہ بات الاگ ہے کہ ان کی زبان غیر شاعرانہ ہے۔ لیکن ان کا پیغام بہت موثر ہے۔
شاعرانہ نام کی وجہ:
اس قلمی نام کو چننے کی وجہ یہ تھی کہ اس سے 1334ھ کا سال نکلتا ہے جو 1915ء اور 1916ء کو محیط ہے۔...
E-Commerce in today’s world is playing an important role in global business. A quantitative and quantitative research was conducted with professional members, employees working in organization which are dealing with E-Business or online working via internet and their views gave an empirical and dynamic approach to make business efficient and effective. Connectivity with market to find best manufacture for goods and for manufacture to finds its buyer for their finished goods. Flow of information become faster and gathering of data become easier to make activities of business to get optimal results. Numbers of goods are available complications to finds goods are removed by complimentary goods. Supplies of goods at proper time in order to meet demand by consumer plays win to win game. Improved methods of technology like RFID make work easier and accessible information about goods to management. Manpower in forms of labor is reducing which leads to decrease in the cost of goods. Ordering cost saves time and gives a specified time both producers to make commodity and consumer for delivery of goods. E-Commerce with contrast of components of supply chain in the form of ware house, logistics, number of listing suppliers, number of listing items on one web in the form of website on one platform give dynamic image to businesses in the race of competitive world. Business transactions done with internet not only reduce time but also make documents or records for longer time able to send data from distant parts of the world. Through websites we can get completive price information and other relevant information for goods.
Selenium (Se) is a vital component for human beings, animals and for certain plants at smaller concentration but at higher concentrations it causes toxicity. Through natural and anthropogenic sources it goes in environment. The process of bioaccumulation starts which makes noteworthy intercession when selenium concentration increased. The excess selenium from contaminated sites remove through a process of phytoremediation.Plant that gather selenium up to the levels which can satisfy animal’s food needs of selenium without lethal its belongings are exceptionally valuable. Maize (Zea mays L.) is extensively grown staple cereal with encouraging qualities of a heavy metal accumulator. The potential use of this crop in phytoremediation is advanced especially to evolve nations with restricted assets accessible for characteristic recovery. Thinking about these actualities, this research work has been wanted to evaluate the capability of maize for the phytoremediation of selenium contaminated soil. A series of hydroponic and pot experiments were conducted in wire house for this research work. The initial experiment was led to observe the effect of various levels of Se (control, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mgL-1) on the different growth and some physiological parameters in maize and to study the response of different varieties of maize to Se application. Seedlings of eight maize varieties (Syngenta 8711, Pioneer 33H15, Pioneer 31P41, Monsanto 6525, Cargill 6142, Pioneer 32F10, Monsanto 6142 and Syngenta 8441) were grown in Hoagland’s nutrient solution. The second study was conducted in soil medium with same treatment used in first experiment. Aside from the parameters in the underlying investigation selenium concentration in roots and shoots of maize genotypes was estimated. Third experiment was conducted with foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) helpful in improving growth of maize genotypes in selenium stress. Results indicated that lower levels of selenium improved the plant growth but higher level of selenium hindered plant growth. In case of shoot length, root length, fresh and dry biomass on an average, Pioneer 33H15 was performed the best whereas the Monsanto 6142 performed poor. The Se concentration in shoots and roots in maize plants improved with increasing Se application. Foliar application of salicylic acid @ 100 μM was found effective under selenium stress.