محمد امین مسعود صدیقی
(ریاض الرحمن شروانی)
حبیب منزل، میرس روڈ، علی گڑھ،
۲۰۰۱-۳-۲۷ء۔
مکرمی و محترمی! السلام علیکم ورحمۃ اﷲ،
لکھنؤ سے کل ۲۵؍ مارچ کا ’’جدید مرکز‘‘ آیا تو اس میں محمد امین مسعود صدیقی صاحب کی اچانک وفات کی خبر پڑھ کر دلی صدمہ ہوا، اخبار میں اس خبر کی سرخی ’’مولانا آزادؒ کے عاشق تھے مسعود صدیقی‘‘ چھپی ہے اور اس سے بہتر سرخی کوئی اور نہیں ہوسکتی تھی۔ کیا عجیب عشق تھا کہ چاہتے تھے ہر فرد، ہر اخبار اور رسالہ اور ہر ادارہ اس عشق میں ان کا شریک ہوجائے۔ ہر ممکن طریقے سے مولانا آزادؒ کے پیغام کی اشاعت کے لئے سرگرداں رہتے تھے۔
ان میں اور بھی بہت سی خوبیاں تھیں، بہت دین دار، مخلص، متحرک اور بے نفس انسان تھے، میرا بہت لحاظ کرتے تھے۔ میں کسی معاملے میں ان سے اختلاف کرتا تھا تو خاموش ہوجاتے تھے، کبھی بحث نہیں کرتے تھے۔ مولانا آزادؒ پر کہیں کوئی چیز ان کی نظر سے گزرتی تھی تو اس کی فوٹو کاپی مجھے بھیج دیتے تھے۔ میں لکھنؤ جاتا تو انہیں مطلع کردیتا اور میرا جہاں کہیں قیام ہوتا وہ وہاں آکر مجھ سے ضرور ملتے تھے۔ مجھے ان کا آخری خط جو ۲۵؍ فروری کا لکھا ہوا تھا، ۲۸؍ کو ملا تھا۔ اس میں انہوں نے لکھا تھا: ’’معارف کا فروری ۲۰۰۱ء کا شمارہ آپ کو مل گیا ہوگا۔ اس میں اس ناچیز کا ایک مراسلہ شائع ہوا ہے۔ اس مراسلے پر حواشی میں جو باتیں تحریر فرمائی گئی ہیں۔ اس (کذا) سے نفس کی اصلاح کا موقع ملا ہے‘‘۔ ملاحظہ فرمایا آپ نے کس طرح اپنی کوتاہی کا اعتراف کیا ہے۔ میں نے کچھ غلط تو نہیں لکھا کہ کیسے بے نفس انسان تھے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت فرمائے اور درجات بلند کرے۔ بہت جلدی چلے گئے۔
امید ہے...
Islam is a religion of peace and harmony. The Islamic teachings are guarantee of peaceful co-existence. A society which practices Islamic teachings of peaceful co-existence, brotherhood and cooperation makes advancement. Disharmony and non-tolerance causes societal decline. The article focuses the importance of peaceful co-existence in light of the Islamic teachings. Besides discussing the principles of societal peace mentioned in the holy Qur’an and Hadith, it has been elaborated that how these principles can be applied to achieve and maintain societal peace and order in contemporary times. The articles ends with some guiding principles and details as suggested in the Qur’an and Sunnah. A Muslim society can prosper only by adopting these principles in letter and spirit and resultantly their differences will be a thing of past. These guiding principles are as under: § Justice and Equality. § Guarantee to rights of all segments of society. § Abiding the rulers in lawful. § Promulgation of Islamic Sharia and observing its objectives. § Adopting moderate and balanced approach in religious matters. § Discharging the duty of preaching in light of Qur’an &Sunnah. § Cooperation in righteous &lawful and avoiding conflict. § Performing citizenry duties in light of Islamic Teachings. § Participating in reformative activities of society.
The study engaged six secondary chemistry teachers in analysis of text and visuals of some selected topics of chemical bonding and acids and bases in Sindh Textbook Board’s grade nine chemistry textbook. The purpose of analysis was to explore gaps in the selected text and visuals. Along with analysis teachers’ views about improvement of the selected text and visuals were also collected. Furthermore, the study explored students’ difficulties with the selected text and visuals. The study used qualitative exploratory study design. The data collection tools used were questionnaires and focus group interviews. Separate questionnaires for teachers and students were developed by the researcher. The study engaged six chemistry teachers from four different schools of Karachi (three government and one private) and twelve grade nine students from another government girls’ high school of Karachi. The major findings from teachers revealed that some text of the selected concepts in the textbook lacked adequate explanation. These concepts are: (a) introduction to chemical bond formation (b) electrostatic nature of covalent bond (c) development of charge on ions (d) limitations of Arrhenius and Lowery-Bronsted models of acids & bases (e) some scientific terms like delocalization, concept of litmus etc. The study also found that the explanation of the selected concepts given in text lacked inclusion of students’ previous knowledge and analogies. It was also discovered during the study that absence of sub-microscopic level and macroscopic level diagrams about given chemical reactions of acids and bases made the concept difficult for the students. Students were also found struggling with dot and cross diagrams and high use of scientific language in text. The study recommends textbooks writers to include the important information and explanations of the concepts in the text that has been found missing during this study. Moreover, it is also recommended to textbook writers that incorporation of students’ previous knowledge, analogies, macroscopic and sub-microscopic level visuals about chemical equations is made in the text. Similarly, textbook writers are recommended to use simple language in text for explaining chemical concepts rather than using a lot of scientific terms. Furthermore, teachers are recommended to provide that important content to students during teaching which is missing in textbook.