4. Al-Nisa’/The Women
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
04:01
O The People!
Be mindful of your Rabb - The Lord WHO created you from a single soul,
and out of it created its spouse, and then out of the two of them, WE scattered countless males and females throughout the world.
Be mindful of Allah through WHOM you ask of one another and be mindful of the bond of family relationships.
Indeed, Allah watches over you.
04:02
And return to the orphans their possessions, and
do not exchange your inferior things with their superior valuables, and
do not consume their possessions by co-mingling with your possessions and using them as yours.
Surely that would be an outrageous crime.
04:03
However, in case you fear that you might not be fair towards the orphan girls in your care, or misuse their persons, then,
you may marry the women from amongst the widows or their daughters, whom you see fit
for marriageable age, up to two, or three, or four of them.
But if you apprehend that in your marital obligations, you might not be able to deal with them justly at a time and all the time, then marry only one;
or, marry someone from amongst those whom your right hand possesses in qital/battle.
Thus it will help keep you away from committing injustice.
04:04
And give your wives in marriage their bridal money happily as a free gift.
However, if they willingly offer you a part of it, you may, then, accept it wholeheartedly
and with pleasure.
04:05
And do not entrust those...
This study was undertaken to (i) identify the relationship among personality traits, self-esteem and desire for fame and (ii) to explore the relationship of personality traits and self-esteem in prediction of desire for fame in TikTok makers. The sample was recruited through the snowball technique and consisted of 200 TikTok makers of Pakistan. The following internationally standardized scales were used: The Big Five Inventory, The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (1965) and The Desire for Fame Scale. A significant positive correlation was found between (1) openness, (2) extroversion, (3) agreeableness, (4) conscientiousness, (5) self-esteem and (6) desire for fame. Additionally, neuroticism correlated negatively with the six mentioned variables; and self-esteem significantly predicted desire for fame. Females scored higher in extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and self-esteem; whereas males scored higher in neuroticism. Also, higher levels of self-esteem and desire for fame were found in those who had increased frequency of making TikTok videos and those who belonged to big cities. In conclusion, personality traits, self-esteem and desire for fame significantly correlate with each other in TikTok makers. Researchers, social media activists, students, psychologists, and counselors can benefit from the findings of study.
This thesis describes the synthesis of various classes of heterocyclic compounds like, pyrazoles, dihydropyrimidinones, iminothiazolidinones, quinolinyloxy oxa/thiadiazol amines and triazolones/thiones and in addition study of palladium(0)-catalyzed cross- coupling reactions. Michael addition of some substituted anilines to methyl acrylate in acidic medium afforded the methyl 3-(substituted anilino)propionates (96-104), which on treatment with hydrazine hydrate in methanol were converted into corresponding 3-(substituted anilino) propionohydrazides (105-113) in good yields. Microwave irradiation of the latter with pentane-2,4-dione afforded 1-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-(substituted anilino) propan-1-ones (114-122) under solventless conditions. A series of new 5-substituted thiobarbituric acid derivatives 5-acetyl-3-aryl-2-thioxo- dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-diones (133-140) were synthesized by cyclocondensation of 1-aroyl-3-arylthioureas with malonic acid in the presence of acetic anhydride. These compounds exist in equilibrium with their enolic tautomeric form 5-(1-hydroxy ethylidene)-3-aryl-2-thioxo-dihydropyrimidine-4,6-(1H,5H)-diones. Plausible mechanism for the formation of products was proposed. Compounds (133-140) were evaluated for their preliminary antibacterial activity against a representative panel of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and were found to exhibit promising activity towards the tested microorganisms using levofloxacin as the reference drug. Of these compounds, the derivative (134) having methoxy group at ortho position of phenyl ring showed the highest effect on pathogenic bacteria and was identified as the lead molecule for further structural modifications. An efficient, synthesis of some 1-aroyl-3-aryl thioureas (123-132) was carried out. Substituted aroyl chlorides were treated with an equimolar quantity of potassium thiocyanate in acetone to afford the corresponding isothiocyantes which were not separated followed by reaction with an equimolar amount of substituted anilines to furnish the 1-aroyl-3-arylthiourea derivatives (123-132) which were assayed in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and were found to exhibit moderate to potent activity towards the tested microorganisms, compared to the standard drugs Tetracycline, Penicillin and Metronidazole.An efficient, regioselective synthesis of some 2-aroylimino-3-aryl-thiazolidin-4-ones (141-150) involving base-catalyzed cyclization of 1-aroyl-3-aryl thioureas with chloroacetyl chloride in dioxane is reported. Compounds (141-150) were assayed in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and were found to exhibit promising activity towards the tested microorganisms, comparable to and in some cases better than those of the standard drugs. The cyclic condensation of 1-aroyl-3-aryl thioureas with dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate (DMAD) in methanolic solution at room temperature resulted in the formation of methyl [4-oxo-2-(substituted benzoylimino)-3-(substituted phenyl) thiazolidin-5-ylidene] acetates (151-164) in good to excellent yield. The synthesis of bis(thioureas) was carried out by treatment of aroyl/alkyl chloride with potassium thiocyanate and as a result corresponding isothiocyanates were obtained using acetone as solvent. These isothiocyanates were treated with 1,2-phenylene diamine and 1,2-bis(thioureas) (165-172) were obtained in good yield. Similarly, these isothiocyanates were treated with 1,4-phenylene diamine and resulted in 1,4-bis(thioureas) (173-180) synthesis. These bis-(thioureas) were also treated with dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate (DMAD) and corresponding 1,2-bis(iminothiazolidinone) acetates (181-188) and 1,4- bis(iminothiazolidinone) acetates (189-196) were synthesized in good yield. A series of quinolinyloxy oxa/thiasemicarbazide derivatives (200-207) were synthesized. Intramolecular cyclization of these quinolinyloxy oxa/thiasemicarbazide derivatives in the acidic medium of poly phosphoric acid (PPA) resulted in synthesis of quinolinyloxy 1,3,4-oxa/thiadiazolamine derivatives (208-215) while in basic medium of sodium hydroxide intramolecular cyclization of these quinolinyloxy oxa/thiasemicarbazide derivatives resulted in synthesis of quinolinyloxy 1,2,4- triazolones/thiones derivatives (216-223). A series of 1,2-difluoro-3,4,5,6-tetra substituted phenylbenzene derivatives (226-228) was reported through Suzuki-Miyaura coupling-reaction of 1,2-difluoro-3,4,5,6- tetraiodobenzene with various boronic acid derivatives using tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine) palladium(0) as catalyst. The substrate 1,2-difluoro-3,4,5,6-tetraiodobenzene (225) was also synthesized by treatment of 1,2-difluoro-benzene with molecular iodine in the presence of K2S2O8, trifluoro acetic acid and sulphuric acid.