فتوی اور فتاوی الکاملیہ کا تعارف و اہمیت

From the very beginning Islam has given great importance to discipline. In every facet of life discipline has a role to play. Today when we delve deep in to our lives, we are amazed as to how it has always proved its worth. It has brought the tide of revolution in everyone's mind. Similarly, the element of discipline saves a society from disruption and instability. It infuses in life satisfaction and contentment. Contrarily, indiscipline and mismanagement give birth to dejection and dissatisfaction. Time management plays a vital role in the establishment of discipline in a society. Considering the vast importance of time management in the light of discipline, the following article throws a great deal of light on it in the Islamic perspective.

Pharmacological and Toxicological Screening of Vernonia Anthelmintica

Importance of herbal medicine cannot be denied even in the modern era. Various active allopathic medicine came into being from plant origin. Vernonia anthelmintica is one such herbal remedy that has been used in traditional system of medicine. Many parts of this plant are being used by humans for curing various illnesses. Since the use of seeds of Vernonia anthelmintica is increasing in traditional practice it is the need of time to establish its safety and efficacy by thorough screening in terms of toxicity as well as pharmacological activity. Though few studies authenticate some pharmacological actions of this herb however, the safety profile is lacking even in these studies. Present study is thus designed to evaluate the toxicological and pharmacological potential through in-vitro and in-vivo methods. In vitro experiments include phytochemistry of hexane, ethanol extract and water decoction of Vernonia anthelmintica seeds. Moreover bio-assays to evaluate antibacterial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiglycation, phytotoxic, insecticidal and antileishmanial potential of hexane and ethanol extracts were also undertaken. In-vivo methods include subchronic toxicity studies conducted on rabbits to elucidate its effects on hematology, coagulation, hepatic function, renal profile, electrolyte status and metabolism of lipids and glucose. Pharmacological disease models were also designed in Sprague drawly rat and albino mice to establish its role in hyperlipidemia, diabetes, inflammation and nociception. The results revealed cytotoxic potential against selected cancer cell line, strong dose dependent antioxidant and phytotoxic potential and moderate antileishmanial potential in selected extracts. Considerable antiglycation potential was also observed in ethanol extract. Present study also revealed the safety of Vernonia anthelmintica on subchronic use. In vivo results showed no deleterious alteration in hematology, renal function, liver function and lipid/ glucose metabolism as compared to normal control. Subchronic use of Vernonia anthelmintica showed favorable coagulation profile by lowering fibrinogen levels. Furthermore Vernonia anthelmintica showed favorable effects in disease model of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, inflammation and nociception. Subchronic dosing also showed weight reducing potential of Vernonia anthelmintica. Present results thus suggest the possible role of Vernonia anthelmintica in the safe treatment of obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, nociception, cancer and leishmaniasis. Furthermore its strong antioxidant potential can be used in preparing remedies to combat various diseases attributable to oxidative stress.