سفیر لیلیٰ
سفیر لیلیٰ بھی ناطق کا شعری مجموعہ ہے جس میں نظمیں اور غزلیں دونو ں شامل ہیں اور علی نام کی برکت بھی شامل ہے جہلم بک کارنر نے اسے شائعکیا ہے۔
علیؑ نام کا تلک لگایا علی ؑ نام کی مالا
علیؑ نام سے جوڑا میں نے من کا دھرم شالا
(12)
ناطق نے اپنی کتاب سفیر لیلیٰ میں ’’علی نام ‘‘سے ایک نظم شامل کی ہے اور وہ کہتے ہیں کہ یہ ان کی کتاب میں علی نام کی برکت کے طور پر ہے۔ علی نام کیلئے وہ عقیدت رکھتے ہیں اور یہی عقیدت ان کی اس کتاب میں پائی گئی۔وہ اس برکت کو اپنے لیے تحفہ سمجھتے ہیں اور اپنے تن من دھن کو علی نام کہ سپرد کرتے ہیں۔
فکشن
ناطق نے فکشن کا ہنر بھی آزمایا ہے البتہ ابتدا انھوں نے شاعری سے کی ہے۔فکشن میں ان کے دوافسانوی مجموعے دو ناول اور ایک سوانحی ناول شامل ہیں۔ان کو ادبی دنیا میں نثر کے حوالے سے بھی خاص مقام حاصل ہے۔ان کی فکشن کے حوالے سے درج ذیل کتابیں ہیں۔قائم دین(افسانے) شاہ محمد کا ٹانگہ(افسانے) نولکھی کوٹھی (ناول)کماری والا(ناول) فقیر بستی میں تھا(سوانحی ناول)۔
Humanity is not immortal and suffers from accidents and disaster. These dangers may exist in the present or future and humans are compelled to face all kinds of dangers. So human beings have always been taking measures to overcome the dangers. Islam also allows for adopting different methods to overcome and indemnify all expected disasters but that methods should be in sharia limitations. Takaful is that kind of method that is practised in Muslim world. Takaful companies are offering takaful policies on the basis of Wakala, Waqf, Modharba and Hybrid models. This article makes awareness about a model of takaful, “Modharba model”. It explains the takaful Modharba model in the parameters of actual Introduction conditions and sharia bases of modharbat. It is resulted that this model has great contradiction with the concept of actual sharia modharbat. Many sharia concerns are found in this model that’s why this model is not suitable for Takaful. Takaful should be on the basis of pure Tabarrou. In which people help one another on the basis of mutual assistance and cooperation not because of just their own benefits.
The Cholistan rangelands have been on decline due to various stresses and their effects can be visualized on its flora particularly on browse species. Therefore, a baseline study was carried to determine the productivity potential of browses with specific objectives of investigating their floristic composition, vegetation structure, forage productivity, and nutritive evaluation. Total 25 browse species belonging to 12 families and 17 genera were identified whereas Chenopodiaceae, Mimosaceae, and Rhamnaceae were found as dominant families that were mainly contributing to browse cover. In the investigated area two phenological seasons were recorded, first from February to April and second from September to November, whereas December to January and May to August were almost dormant phases. Further, based on economic importance of browses, maximum species were observed to be used as forage/fodder that clearly indicated that this area could serve as potential rangeland. According to phytosociological study, twenty browse communities were documented on the basis of importance value index. Multivariate analysis of twenty stands has delineated three vegetation associations inhabiting the sandunal, interdunal sandy and clayey saline habitats. Soil physio-chemical analysis revealed that texture of sandunal habitat was sandy; interdunal was sandy loam while clayey saline was clayey. Results have exposed that organic matter, and soil nutrients were better at interdunal sandy habitat whereas pH, EC, Na, and soil moisture were high at clayey saline habitat. It was estimated that browse productivity was high (8029.1 kg/ha) in wet season as compare to dry season (5422.9 kg/ha), correspondingly carrying capacity was high during wet season (16 ha/AU/Y) than dry season (24 ha/AU/Y). Moreover, during dry season, mostly stands were observed to be overgrazed while in wet season maximum stands were moderately grazed. High carrying capacity and good grazing status of stands in wet season was due to better forage production. Based on palatability classification, 22 species were found to have palatability to varying degree and 03 species were non-palatable. In palatable species, leaves of 14 species; shoot/stem of 13 species, flower of 04 species, and fruit of 03 species were grazed by livestock, whereas cattle were observed to graze on 07 species; goat and sheep like 10 species each while camel prefer 20 species. Subsequently, nutritive evaluation revealed that browse species were good source of dry matter and protein whereas; concentration of almost all the minerals (micro and macro) was less than required level for ruminants grazing therein. The findings of this study indicate that the browse productivity of Cholistan rangelands was low and fluctuate according to seasons. Therefore, they need proper protection, management, and rehabilitation through ecological approaches. This would be possible with the participation of government and local peoples to make these range resources sustainable. Key words: Cholistan rangelands, Browse species, Floristic composition, Phenology, vegetation structure, Multivariate analysis, Biomass production, Carrying capacity, Palatability, Nutritive evaluation