سماع و وجد میں مجدد الف ثانی اور امام ابن تیمیہ کے افکار کا تقابلی مطالعہ

According to Ibn-e-Taimia and Mujaddad Alf-e-Sani the Samaa’ of Quran is a real beneficial Samaa’ of perfect Muslims, the Samaa’ of poetry comprises of praise of Prophet (SAW), songs of Jihad and Islam are also permissible and admirable in Islam but the Samaa’ of innovators which comprises of opposing Shariah poetry and practicing of music and clapping is totally innovation and sin. It is important to note that unlike Ibn-e-Taimia and Hadrat Mujadad when mark the Samaa’ valid or invalid, by this he means the particular Samaa’ or spiritual songs of Sufis singed and listened with a particular method that melodramatize the people, Ibn-e-Taimia not interested in such type of Samaa’, Hadrat Mujadad also not inclined towards this type of Samaa’ but according to him it is permissible only sometime to remove the spiritual toughness. Both Allama(s) Ibn-e-Taimia and Mujadad Alf-e-Sani believe that during listening Quran or mentioning GOD(ادخ رکز) some intuitive conditions

Effectiveness of Polymer Coated Phosphatic Fertilizers for Improving Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Crop Production in Calcareous Soil

Phosphorus (P) unavailability in alkaline and calcareous soils is a severe problem due to high pH and CaCO3. Fixation with Ca+2 is the major cause of low P availability to plant. It was hypothesized that coating of phosphatic fertilizer with organic polymer may cause steady release of P to increase crop yield, and improve P use efficiency in calcareous soils. For the assessment of this theory, number of lab and field experiments were conducted to study P accessibility span in soils treated with polymer coated phosphatic fertilizers. Laboratory experiments were directed to screen out the best polymer concentration (1%) and number of coatings (two layers of polymer) on different sources of phosphatic fertilizers (DAP (di-ammonium phosphate), SSP (single super phosphate), NP (nitrophos) and RP (rock phosphate)). Then these were checked in the presence of different concentrations of CaCO3 in soil. It revealed that with increasing CaCO3 level, the phosphorus fixation also increased. But the fixation was less in case of polymer coated phosphatic fertilizers at different field capacity moisture levels to quantify the available P from different sources of phosphatic fertilizers coated with and without polymer. Results showed that polymer coated phosphatic fertilizers gave better response even at 50% field capacity moisture level because it has capacity to hold water many times of its weight. The best performing polymer concentration and number of coatings on different phosphatic fertilizers were screened and tested on wheat crop in a pot study. Results revealed that coated fertilizer can increase crop yield over uncoated phosphatic fertilizer. To check its effect on yield a field trial using wheat as test crop was conducted according to RCBD (randomized complete block design) with selected polymer coated formulations. Data related to wheat growth and yield parameters indicated that polymer coated phosphatic fertilizers increased grain yield 25-31%, photosynthetic rate 8-25%, P concentration in plant 21-41%, P uptake by plant 27-116%, agronomic efficiency 6-58% and recovery efficiency 8-133% over uncoated phosphatic fertilizers.