ڈاکٹر مختار احمدانصاری مرحوم
۹؍ مئی ۱۹۳۶ء کی شام کو سات بجے کے قریب میں ڈیرہ دون کی ایک سڑک سے گزر رہا تھا کہ پیچھے سے ایک موٹر تیزی سے آئی اور نکل گئی، میں نے دیکھا کہ اس پر ڈاکٹر انصاری بیٹھے ہیں، سرکھلا تھا اور چہرہ سے بے حد تکان معلوم ہوتا تھا، رات گزر گئی اور صبح کو ان کی قیام گاہ کی تلاش کی، معلوم ہوا کہ وہ رات ہی دلّی چلے گئے، لیکن جب شام ہوئی تو معلوم ہوا کہ وہ رات دلّی نہیں گئے، راستہ سے سیدھے جنت کو سدھارے، دل دھڑکا آنکھیں پرنم ہوئیں اور سینہ سے آہ کا ایک شعلہ اٹھا، جس نے صبر و تمکین کی متاع کو جلا کر خاکستر بنادیا۔
ڈاکٹر مختار احمد انصاری گو نسب و وطن کے لحاظ سے ضلع غازی پور کے ایک ممتاز قصبہ یوسف پور کے ایک نہایت شریف خاندان سے تھے، مگر در حقیقت ان کا تعلق پورے ہندوستان سے تھا، اس یوسف کا کنعان، وہ محدود مقام نہ تھا، جس کو یوسف پور کہتے ہیں، بلکہ پورا ہندوستان تھا، اسی لئے آج پورے ہندوستان نے ان کی موت کا ماتم کیا، کیا مسلمان، کیا ہندو، کیا سکھ، کیا عیسائی سب نے یہی جانا کہ آج ان کا حقیقی بھائی اس دنیا سے چل بسا۔
میں نے ڈاکٹر انصاری کو سب سے پہلے ۱۹۱۲ء میں اس وقت دیکھا جب وہ بلقان کی جنگ میں طبی وفد لے کر ترکی جارہے تھے اور اس تقریب سے لکھنؤ اسٹیشن سے گزر رہے تھے، مولانا شبلی اور بہت سے لوگ لکھنؤ اسٹیشن پر ڈاکٹر صاحب کو الوداع کہنے گئے تھے، اس وقت ڈاکٹر صاحب کی عمر ۳۰، ۳۲ برس کی تھی، کھلتا ہوا رنگ، دُبلا پتلا چھریرا بدن کشیدہ قامت، ہنستا چہرہ، انوری یا قیصری مونچھیں، جسم پر چست خاکی وردی،...
In Islamic jurisprudence, there are different degrees of inference and reasoning. He is also a mujtahid who, while respecting the principle of a particular religion, differs from his religion only in its branches and does not go against the principles of that particular religion. There is also a mujtahid who has jurisdiction over both the principles and the rules. Such a mujtahid is not a follower of any of the jurisprudential religions. Taqi-ud-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah remarkable, recognized, and medieval Sunni Theologian, jurisconsult, logician, and great reformer today, he is known by the title of Sheikh-ul-Islam. In some sciences and arts, he had Ijtihadi abilities and practitioners. He did not spare a single minute in expressing his critical ability and competence according to his instincts in principles and disciplines. Ibn Taymiyyah's critical ability and competence were manifested in the form of differences in the scientific world of the Islamic world. Due to this, Ibn Taymiyyah faced severe criticism from the academic circles all his life. In this article, it will be reviewed that Ibn Taymiyyah's jurisprudential and doctrinal differences came to light based on ijtihad, principles and his jurisprudential position and status and method of derivation and reasoning of the issues.
The present research was conducted to examine the socio-cultural dimension of English language teaching in Pakistan in terms of identity construction of learners, the possibility of a language shift and social segregation in society. The position of English is compounded within its historical background, its global importance and Pakistani society's perceptions regarding its value. State policies of language and education have implicated English in power structures which have led to the emergence of private elite institutions. These institutions reflect the dual relationship between English and Pakistani society: on the one hand they are based on society's assumptions regarding English and on the other they help to establish these assumptions on the socio-cultural level. Societal attitudes regard teaching and learning of English as highly desirable based on its power to confer economic and social rewards and as the only means to access higher education. Private English medium schools fulfill the elite demand for quality English medium education but exclude the majority because of the expenses involved. This has created a situation of inequality, which impacts not only educational opportunities but also distribution of economic rewards which depend on literacy in English. These institutions contribute to elitist domains of power which has resulted in a very limited vertical, social and economic mobility. The research findings indicate that English language teaching has become a major cause of estrangement between various social strata. Teaching of English in Pakistan is traditionally supplemented with English literary texts which are usually culturally and ideologically loaded. Combined with center-based curriculums and pedagogies, the texts' message could influence learners' identity and subjectivity. Learners could be influenced by the world views impounded in them and combined with the westernized environment and the emphasis on English as the only language within the school, these features could collude to implement a hidden curriculum of acculturization. The hybrid identities which would emerge would be a western-oriented youth, who would be empathetic with western cultural norms and would hold their own languages and cultures in low esteem. The present study attempts to bring awareness about the present ELT practices in the elite schools. It is grounded in theories of language policy and planning, structuralism, postmodernism and deconstruction. Being a sociolinguistic inquiry, it draws on quantitative and qualitative data from stake holders in education and analyses it against documentary evidence. Based on research findings which indicate linguistic assimilation and a language shift towards English, the recommendations include changes in policies related to English pedagogies, teacher training and the regularization of private schools.