خون جگر ہونے تک
اپنی کتاب کا دیباچہ لکھنا توحالیؔ جیسے لوگوں کو جچتا ہے جو دیباچہ لکھیں تو تنقید کی پہلی کتاب وجود پا جائے۔میں تو عاجزانہ طور پر چند عروضی نکات پیش کرنا چاہتا ہوں۔میرا یہ دیباچہ سب کے لیے نہیں ہے۔ اس کی دو وجوہات ہیں۔ ایک تو عروضی بحث اس قدر گنجلک اور پیچیدہ ہوتی ہے کہ ہر کسی کو اس سے شغف نہیں ہوتا اور دوسرا جو لوگ عروض پہ دسترس رکھتے ہیںان کے لیے اس وضاحت کی ضرورت نہیں کیوں کہ وہ عروض پہ اس دیباچے سے بہت بہتر کتابیں پڑھ چکے ہیں۔ یہ دیباچہ فقط ان لوگوں کے لیے ہے جو شعر کہتے ہیں اور عروض میں بھی ٹانگ اڑاتے ہیں اورجب کسی شعر کی بحر سمجھ نہ آئے تو اسے بے وزن کہہ دیتے ہیں۔زیادہ تر ہندی بحر کے سلسلے میںان کا رویہ ایسا ہوتا ہے اوراگر ان کے سامنے کسی بڑے شاعر کا مصرع بہ طور نمونہ رکھ دیا جائے تو وہ اسے بھی بے وزن کہنے سے ذرا نہیں ہچکچاتے۔ فاع فاعلن یا فعَل فعولن ان کی سمجھ سے باہر ہو جاتا ہے۔ دراصل ایسے حضرات ہندی بحر کی چند معروف صورتوں کے سوا باقی صورتوں سے آشنا ہی نہیں۔
میرا یہ شعری مجموعہ ہندی بحر میںہی تخلیق ہوا ہے اور ہندی بحر میں خاصا تنوع پایا جاتا ہے۔ہمارے وہ لوگ جو عروض کو سرسری طور پر جانتے ہیں۔اس بحر کو سمجھنے میں ٹھوکر کھاتے ہیں۔وہ ہندی بحر کی چندمعروف صورتوں سے ہی واقف ہیں۔وہ بس اِسے ہی ہندی بحر سمجھتے ہیں مگر ہندی بحر کی متنوع صورتیں ہیں۔ان حضرات کے سامنے اگر کوئی مختلف صورت آ جائے تو وہ اسے سمجھنے سے قاصر رہتے ہیں کیوں کہ وہ ان صورتوں سے آشنا ہی نہیں اور وہ اسی ناآشنائی میں اس مصرعے کو بے وزن کہہ دیتے...
As well as per Shariah, it is admissible and some of the time even mandatory to save the devotees from the activities that might lead them towards the prohibited exercises. Consequently, the decision of denial from these kinds of exercises is called Sadd-e-Zaree'a. This is the guideline derived from the Quran and Sunnah. As Almighty Allah prohibited the devotees to say 'Raina' because this word was utilized by Jews purposely in an off-base way with underhanded aims, while, Muslims introduced their solicitations by this equivalent word in the most elevated court of The Holy Prophet (harmony and gifts arrive) for looking for effortlessness and unwinding in their concerned issues. As in Quran: O People who Believe, don't tell (the Prophet Mohammed-harmony and gifts arrive), "Raina (Be accommodating towards us)" however say, "Unzurna (Look leniently upon us)", and listen mindfully in any case. [Baqarah 2:104]. (To disregard the Holy Prophet - harmony and endowments arrive - is impiety.) Ibn Hazm in his famous book Al-Aḥkām Fī ūṣūl Al-Aḥkām has objected to the mentioned verse from which jurists have taken the argument of Sadd-e-Zaree'a. Because the Zahiri school of thought is based on the appearance of the text (Quran o Hadees). This is why Ibn Hazm Zahiri denies it (the source of Shariah), and proves that accepting the source of Shariah is an increase in religion which is in itself illegitimate as well as the opposition of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). There is also the addition of items by their thoughts in Shariah. In the above article, an analytical study of the objections of Allama Ibn Hazm will be presented, explaining the sources and the arguments as to whether or not their source is Shariah.
Thalassemia is a hereditary quantitative deficiency of functional α and β like globin chains synthesis that leads to ineffective erythropoiesis and reduced hemoglobin synthesis. Increased gastrointestinal iron absorption, following frequent blood transfusions in the absence of proper chelation therapy, builds iron overload leading to increased morbidity and mortality and shorten life expectancy. It is manifested by chronic anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, bone deformities especially for facial bones and improper growth rate. Regular blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy becomes essential for lifelong time. The geographical distribution of thalassemia can be divided broadly into four regions: Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, Indian Asia and Mediterranean device. Migration from these affected areas into non-malarial areas results in heterogeneous diversity of thalassemia at global level. A multicentre study (including four cities in Pakistan) was aimed to investigate the frequency and spectrum of alpha and beta thalassemia genetic mutations and XmnI polymorphism of the Gamma Globin gene. Beta thalassemia individuals identified on the ground of haematological parameters were screened for mutations of the Alpha (HBA2 and HBA1) and Beta (HBB) Globin genes as well as Gamma (HBG2) Globin gene, -158 Gg XmnI polymorphism, using a combination of multiplex GAP polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymerase (RFLP) based PCR respectively. Among 16 identified mutations in the beta gene by Sanger sequencing, NM_000158.4:c.27_28insG (p. Ser10ValfsTer14) was the most prevalent. In alpha thalassemia mutation, multiplex GAP-PCR run for seven most common deletion mutation showed that α-3.7 and α-4.2 deletions were coinherited with beta thalassemia mutations. Additionally, presence of rare mutations and novel variants has portrait the diversity of thalassemia mutations in Pakistani population. Moreover, NM_000184.2:c.-211C>T base-pair substitution (historically described as -158 GγXmnI polymorphism) was present in 36% of the patients. The hemolysis markers (red blood cell incidences), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, hemoglobin oxidation, carbonyl protein oxidation, and catalase activity), antioxidative level (glutathione reduced and oxidised, scavenging assays) and biochemical parameters were also analysed. Low copper, potassium, magnesium and phosphate levels and high AST, ALK and ALT levels which were observed importantly represent the iron overloaded peroxidative state in thalassemia. Not only these parameters but high values of lipid peroxidation, carbonyl contents and catalase activity and low values of glutathione reduce and scavenging assay also marked the oxidative damage caused mainly due to iron overload and its associated complications. Additionally, three plants namely Curcuma longa (locally known as Haldi), Nigella sativa seeds (locally known as Kalonji), and Camellia sinensis (green tea) were studied to identify natural alternatives to treat disorders associated with hemolysis by reducing oxidative stress and to determine the effect of extraction systems on the functionality of phytochemicals. Based on Camellia sinensis and Curcuma longa well known bioactivities, it was assumed that they would significantly ameliorate the activities of oxidative markers and hence help in reducing the oxidative damage in beta thalassemia. However, treatment with both plant extract did not sufficiently improve the condition. This could be due to insufficient ameliorating effect as well as use of whole extract instead of isolated compound from plants was used. The psychological stress and its associated experiences were studied in index and their caregivers that duplicated the previous findings of low quality of life scores. The chronic nature of disease with enduring treatment has drastically affected their wellbeing. However, these changes vary between and within countries due to different health infrastructures, socioeconomic status and cultural and social norms. With advancement in reducing the thalassemia associated mortality and morbidity, some attention has now move into designing of improved and healthy lifestyles. Heterogeneity in clinical and haematological parameters in thalassemia major, show that monogenic disorders can present with a wide spectrum of disease severity. Present study will be useful in the prevention of highly prevalent disease of thalassemia in Pakistan following nationwide awareness campaign.