آداب معاشرت، سورة حجرات کی گیارهویں اور بارهویں آیات کے تناظر میں

Dr. Shari'ati is a revolutionary intellectual personality of this century. He regarded Islamic values ​​as the guarantee of salvation and success for humanity. He sought to mobilize and revive frozen Islamic ideas. That is, tried to bring the Islamic concept out of the boundaries of formal and congested boundaries into common and general thoughts. Dr. Shari'ati also presented a unique view that divine Imam transcends than worldly governments and this divine leadership cannot be determined by (Shuraiet). Rather, it can be diagnosed by an obvious reason (Nass). This doctrine of Dr. Shari'ati is contrary to the ideology of the Sunni and the Shi'ite’s concept of Imamat and Khilafat because the Sunni sect believes that Khilafat Or Imamt should be determine by the Shurait (Council) and Shiites by the will(Nass). According to Dr. Shairathi, Imamat cannot be determining through Shourait or Nass but it can be identified by the superior attributes of the Imam. He believes that Imamat is not an external factor which can gain by attainment or by choice; rather, it is an Inherit object.  In accepting this doctrine of Dr. Shari'ati, than the Imamat becomes a part of the system of naturalism (Takveeni). That makes the Imamat not a model process for humanity. So it would be a complicated issue to discuss and discover either the theory of Dr. Shari'ati is a applicable idea of Imamat or it is a just onlyu idialogy which cannot be practiced. The dissertation has been written to examine the reality of these two cases either Imamat is inherit case or it can be attainment case through Shouriat or Nass.   

A Power Efficient Data Volume Based-Mobile Data Collection Dv-Mdc in Wireless Sensor Networks Wsns

The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a vast and widespread domain of computer networks. WSNs have appeared as one of the most attractive domain for the future research and are one of the most researched domains during the last decade. The WSNs have some inherent limitation like limited bandwidth and extreme energy constraint etc. These limitations challenge the research community to devise optimum operating environment for WSNs. Data gathering in WSNs is of prime importance considering these limitations and it is desirable to devise efficient schemes for data gathering. In order to optimize the operating environment of WSNs, the inherent limitations (limited bandwidth, extreme energy constraint, etc.) are required to be tackled efficiently. The data gathering and transmission operations of WSNs are major energy utilizers, hence these operations of WSNs are required to be optimized. In this research, a new scheme of data gathering for WSNs based upon the amount of data volume sensed by the sensors has been proposed. The sensors send a one bit beacon message to indicate the availability of sensed data in their buffer. DV-MDC exploits this fact and visits only those nodes which have generated some data during a particular round. Consequently, unnecessary visits to the nodes are avoided which leads to energy efficiency. The MDC visits only those sensors which had sensed the data and not the entire sensor field. The proposed data gathering scheme has been validated with the help of simulation. The simulation results show that DV-MDC offers better performance in terms of throughput and energy efficiency. The results are also validated by a comprehensive comparative analysis.