مولانا شوکت علی مرحوم
اسی مہینہ کادوسرا المناک سانحہ مولانا شوکت علی خادم کعبہ کی وفات ہے، شوکت علی مرحوم ہندوستان کے اُن پرچند مسلمانوں میں ایک تھے جن کی شہرت نہ صر ف ہندوستان تک محدود ہے بلکہ دنیائے اسلام کے دوردراز گوشوں تک ان کانام عزت واحترام کے ساتھ لیاجاتاہے اوریہ واقعہ ہے کہ مرحوم بجا طور پر اس شہرت و احترام کے مستحق تھے، پچھلے چند برسوں کوچھوڑ کر بلاخوف تردید کہا جا سکتاہے کہ مرحوم کی زندگی قربانی، ایثار، ولولہ اورجوش عمل کے اعتبار سے مسلمانوں کے لیے قابل تقلید نمونہ تھی،جنگ طرابلس اورجنگ بلقان سے لے کراب تک ہندوستانی مسلمانوں کی اجتماعی اورسیاسی زندگی کے جتنے دور گذرے ہیں مرحوم کی خدمات اُن تمام دوروں میں اس قدر نمایاں اوراس قدر روشن ہیں جنہیں کسی طرح فراموش نہیں کیا جاسکتا’’علی برادران‘‘ہندوستان کی دوشخصیتوں سے مرکب ایک ایسی حقیقت کانام ہے جس کے زبان پرآتے ہی کرداروعمل اورشجاعت وبسالت کاایک سبق آموز نقشہ آنکھوں کے سامنے آجاتاہے۔
صد حسرت وافسوس کہ ہندوستان اپنے ایک جانباز،بہادر سپاہی اورپرانے خادم سے ہمیشہ کے لیے محروم ہوگیا۔انا ﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔ حق تعالیٰ مرحوم کی خدمات کوقبول فرمائے اوردامانِ رحمت میں جگہ دے۔
[دسمبر۱۹۳۸ء]
Islam is a complete code of life for the humanity. It provides guidance in all aspects of human activity. It guides human being in its economic system, social life, in all worships, in family life and in political set up. State is an institution like others which is a tool for mankind to serve its needs in the best possible ways. Islam does not consider a state designed by Allah and in fact leaves the system open to human intellect, to form a mechanism according to the teachings of the scriptures and needs of the time. The guiding principles of Islam stress on proper utilizations of state machinery and authority to the satisfaction of people and to fulfill dictates of Allah’s directions. Islam forbids utilization of public offices for personal benefits. Islamic traditions instructed that the state officials must learn from the principle of Islam as exemplified in the state at the city of Medina; it additionaly shaped its characters as well. The present article is an attempt to highlight the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) that he gave from time to time and ensured its applications letter and spirit.
In females, breast cancer is the most common cancer along with being one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. The known risk factors associated with breast cancer are both non-modifiable and modifiable. Factors like Vitamin D and mammographic density are few of the modifiable factors in breast cancer prevention which have recently been emphasized upon. Vitamin D is the talk of all researchers with more emphasis on its non-bone effects. In the recent past, it has been found to modulate breast epithelial cell proliferation, for both normal and cancerous cells. Many studies have endorsed the fact that vitamin D may be associated with reduced breast cancer risk. The hypothesis was ―vitamin D deficiency is associated with epithelial cell proliferation and mammographic density.‖ The primary objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D deficiency and its association with epithelial cell proliferation and mammographic density in the reproductive age group. Mammographic density was estimated using the fullyautomated software Volpara. Secondary objectives were to find out the effect of the enzyme 1 alpha Hydroxylase, DNA quantification and Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism (fok1 and Apa1) by using PCR/RFLP. The epithelial cell proliferation was studied by performing FNAC on palpable lumps and utilizing ―countess‖ to count the viable and non-viable cells present in the tissue. This was a prospective, open label, clinical trial. The total cases were recruited from the surgical OPD of Patel Hospital, Karachi (n=350) and were supplemented with vitamin D. The study was carried out from June 2013-March 2015. The results were favorable in most patients, with general increase of vitamin 25(OH) D levels after supplementation (baseline mean ± SD: 9.88 ± 7.3; median 7.0; range 3– 49.8) to 68.3 + 25.5; 66; 30.1-150, p< 0.001), a mean difference of 58.4 between vitamin D level at baseline and 12 months. There was a weak, positive Spearman''s rankxx order correlation between 1 alpha Hydroxylase at 12 months and vitamin D at baseline; 12 months (rs= 0.169, p= 0.126,rs= 0.079,p=0.480).A moderate negative correlation was found between vitamin D baseline – Volumetric breast density (VBD) baseline and vitamin D 12 months – VBD 12 months (rs= -0.245, p= <0.001,rs= -0.289, p=0.193) respectively. No statistically significant association was found between vitamin D at baseline and BI-RADS at baseline (p= 0.126). A Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that there was statistically significant difference in VBD at baseline between the different BI-RADS groups, χ2(3) = 169.4, p<0.001, with a mean rank of 6 for BI-RADS 1, 36.11 for BIRADS 2,105.67 for BI-RADS 3, and 176.55 for BI-RADS 4. A negligible or no correlation was found between vitamin D baseline with levels of proliferation in breast cells (total cell count rs= -0.020, p=0.906; dead cell count rs= -0.005, p=0.979; viable cell count rs= -0.072, p= 0.672). VBD was moderate and negatively correlated with dead cell count (rs= -0.436, p=0.018) while weak negative correlation was observed between VBD and total cell count (rs=-0.130,p=0.502). The conclusion is that an optimal level of vitamin D has to be maintained ;if not then vitamin D level falls to its original deficient level in two months time. There is a need to establish a universal definition of vitamin D deficiency to allow better comparability of studies at the global level. Only through the identification of modifiable risk factors associated with this disease, can effective cancer prevention be realized.