مولانا حکیم سید عبدالحیٔ صاحب
ناظم ندوۃ العلماء
چند مہینوں سے معارف کا پہلا صفحہ علم و فن کے بزرگوں پر ماتم کے لئے مخصوص ہوگیا ہے، آج ہم دوسروں پر ماتم کرتے ہیں، کل دوسرے ہمارا ماتم کریں گے، دنیا کی یہ بزم ماتم اس فانی کائنات کے وجود کے ساتھ قائم ہے اور اسی کے ساتھ قائم رہے گی۔ یہ حوادث آباد عالم جس کو ہم تم قائم مستمر اور مسلسل جان رہے ہیں، ہر آن و ہر لمحہ اس طرح بدل رہا ہے کہ غور سے دیکھو تو معلوم ہوگا کہ جو نقشہ، جو کیفیت، جو صورت حال اس آن ہے وہ اس آن نہیں، ایک مستمر تغیر اور ایک مسلسل انقلاب جاری ہے اور پردہ دار کُلَّ یَوْمٍ ھُوَفیْ شَاَنٍ [الرحمن: ۲۹](ہر روز ایک نئے رنگ میں جلوہ گر ہے) لیکن باانیں ہمہ انقلاب و تغیر بظاہر اس کے قیام، استمرار اور تسلسل میں فرق نہیں آتا، سمندر کی لہریں ہر آن بدل رہی ہیں، مگر سمندر کی صورت میں کوئی فرق پیدا نہیں ہوتا، صورتیں مٹتی جاتی ہیں، شکلیں فنا ہوتی جاتی ہیں، مگر اس آئینہ خانہ کی آبادی اور صورت گری میں کوئی فرق نہیں آتا۔
خدا جانے یہ دنیا جلوہ گاہِ ناز ہے کس کی
ہزاروں اٹھ گئے رونق وہی باقی ہے مجلس کی!
دوسری فروری ۱۹۲۳ء کی شام کو اس مجلس کا جو ممبر اٹھا ہے، اس کا اس دنیا میں مجازی نام عبدالحئی تھا، مولانا حکیم سید عبدالحئی صاحب ناظم ندوۃ العلماء جدید کے اولین علماء تھے سادات رائے بریلی کے مشہور خانوادۂ علم و عمل سے تھے، جس کے بعض افراد سلاطین کے درباروں میں اور بعض فقر و تصوف کی خانقاہوں میں ممتاز تھے، بعض درس و تدریس کی...
vidence of non-Musims in Islamic perspective. It is the responsibility of an Islamic state to ensure justice in all walks of life. Islamic law provides justice to all its citizens, irrespective of their race, colour and religion etc. There is a difference of opinion amongst the jurists as to whether a non-Muslim can be a witness for or against a Muslim or not? As for as the matters of giving evidence in favour of or against each other amongst themselves is concerned, so, majority of the jurists say that of is permissible. This research article deals with this issued opinions of the jurists have been presented with their arguments
The environment of our globe is changing due to climate change (CC) which is influencing agricultural and agronomic practices. Being open to vagaries of nature, agriculture sector is highly vulnerable to climate change phenomena. Any change in climate ultimately influenced food security. Keeping in view the climate change phenomenon the current study aided with simulation modeling was carried out during wheat growing season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at rainfed Pothwar. Experiments arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design were conducted having five wheat genotypes (Dharabi, Chakwal-50, NARC-2009, Pak-13 and AUR- 809), four sowing dates (21-30 Oct, 10-20 Nov, 01-10 Dec and 20-30 Dec of 2013- 14 and 2014- 15), and three climatically varying locations i.e. Islamabad, URFKoont and Talagang characterized by high, medium a nd low rainfall and low, medium and high temperature areas respectively. Climate data required for the study was collected from the met observatory located at NARC and for URF-Koont and Talagang it was generated by downscaling. Increase in temperature at Islamabad (1oC), URF-Koont (4.6 oC) and Talagang (4.8oC) was observed during study period than the baseline temperature. Wheat crop days to maturity and LAI reduced by 15% and 51% respectively due to higher temperature (4.8 oC). Biological yield ranged 9.7 t ha-1 to 4.72 t ha-1 from low temperature zone (Islamabad) to higher temperature zone (Talagang). Therefore, due to 1 oC increase in temperature, 7.6% reduction in biological yield was observed. Maximum grain yield observed at Islamabad (2.39 t ha-1) while minimum grain yield recorded at Talagang (2.19 t ha-1). Similarly, among genotypes, the performance of Pak-13 and AUR-809 was better than other genotypes therefore, their genetic blood should be used in future for breeding programs. Grain growth curve was also developed in relation to temperature. Grain growth curve depicted 8.2 % reduction in individual grain weight due to 1oC increased temperature. Maximum water use efficiency was recorded at URF-Koont (7.43 kg mm-1) than Talagang (7.14 kg mm-1) and Islamabad (6.23 kg mm-1) which showed higher water productivity due to less evapotranspiration. Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM), Cropping System Model (CropSyst) and Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) models were parameterized. Validation skill scores like d-Index, RMSE, and coefficient of determination (R2) were used to determine the performance of models which confirmed the field results with good accuracy (R2 for grain yield was 0.97, 0.96, 0.92 for APSIM, CropSyst and DSSAT respectively). Different global circulation models (GCMs) were used under varying RCPs (Representative concentration pathways). Future projections showed that under current management practices at Islamabad, URF-Koont and Talagang wheat yield will be reduced. Under RCP 4.5, GCMs showed that during early scenarios i.e. 2030, SD2 (5-10 November sowing) will be beneficial, while under later years 15-October sowing will be beneficial.Under RCP 8.5 (higher temperature and low rainfall), GCMs showed even severe results showing reduction in wheat productivity. Adaptation based upon results should include SD2 (01-10 November sowing) for early scenarios i.e. 2030, while for later scenarios i.e. 2050 and 2070, SD1 i.e. 15-25 October sowing will be beneficial in order to avoid terminal heat stress during grain filling stages of wheat. Genotypes Pak-13 and AUR-809 showed great potential to produce sustainable crop yield under higher temperature therefore, these two genotypes should be considered for temperature extremes. Crop models should be used as decision support tools to reduce agricultural environment vulnerability to climate variability.