قاضی زین العابدین
میرٹھ کے عالمِ دین قاضی زین العابدین ایک بڑے اسلامی مصنف بھی تھے۔ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین سے ان کی عظیم وضخیم کتاب تاریخ مِلّت تین حصّوں میں شائع ہوچکی ہے،پہلا حصّہ نبیؐ عربی، دوسرا حصّہ خلافت راشدہ اور تیسرا حصّہ خلافت بنوامّیہ پرتھاجوعلمی حلقوں میں مستند وپسندیدہ ہیں۔قبلہ اباجان حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمان عثمانیؒ سے ان کو خصوصی لگاؤ وانس تھا۔ ان کانام جب بھی لیتے تعظیم و تکریم سے ہی لیتے۔
دارالعلوم دیوبند کی مجلس شوریٰ کے ممبر تھے۔جمعیۃ العلماء ہندسے وابستہ تھے۔حضرت مولیٰنا اسعد مدنی صاحب،حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمان عثمانیؒ کی ہمیشہ ہی عزت و تکریم کرتے تھے۔جب جمعیۃ العلماء ہندکے سلسلے میں مولیٰنا اسعد مدنی سے حضرت مفتی صاحب کے بعض معاملات میں اختلافات ہوئے تب بھی یہ دونوں بزرگ ہمیشہ ہی حضرت مولیٰنا مفتی عتیق الرحمان عثمانیؒ کاادب ولحاظ کرتے تھے اور عزت و تکریم میں ہمیشہ ہی بازی لے جانے کی کوشش کرتے۔
مولیٰنا قاضی زین العابدین صاحبؒ قبلہ ابّاجان مفکّرِ ملّت حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمان عثمانیؒ کے شیدائی تھے اور میرے بھائی نجیب الرحمان عثمانی کے سسرالی رشتے کے بزرگ بھی تھے۔ حضرت مفتی شوکت علی فہمیؔ (اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی عمر دراز اورصحت و تندرستی عطا فرمائے)کے عزیز خاص تھے۔ان کے انتقال سے علمی ودینی حلقوں میں صف ماتم بچھ گئی ہے۔ ابھی حضرت مولیٰنا قاضی سجاد حسین صاحب ،حضرت مولانا محمد تقی امینی اور مولیٰنا ابواللیث کاصدمہ ہی ہرا تھا، ان کی وفات سے ہمارے آنسو خشک نہ ہوئے تھے کہ برہان کوان کی وفات کاعظیم صدمہ ہوگیا۔
ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی حضرت مولیٰنا منّت اﷲ رحمانی (امیر شریعت بہار) اور حضرت مولیٰنا قاضی زین العابدین صاحبؒ کے انتقال پُرملال پرخود اپنے سے، ملّت اسلامیہ سے اور تمام لواحقین سے اظہار تعزیت کرتے ہوئے دعاگو ہے کہ اﷲ تعالیٰ انھیں کروٹ کروٹ جنّت نصیب فرمائے۔آمین۔
[اپریل ۱۹۹۱ء]
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The traditional fiscal decentralization theorem claims that decentralized government can provide the goods and services at local level more efficiently. However, empirically it is still to explore that how fiscal decentralization affects gender parity. This study empirically investigates the impact of fiscal decentralization on gender parity in developing economies of Asia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz, Mongolia, Myanmar, Thailand and Turkey. The study used dynamic penal da ta technique namely system GMM over the period of 2006-2020. The multidimensionality of fiscal decentralization is captured through three measures of fiscal decentralization i.e. Expenditure decentralization, revenue decentralization and composite decentralization. Further, it also examines the complementarity between fiscal decentralization and control of corruption to increase the gender parity. The results of the analysis show that expenditure decentralization is increasing the gender parity in developing economies of Asia. Additionally, control of corruption is a necessary reform to get the desired fruits of fiscal decentralization. Countries must focus on corruption aspect of local governments in implementing the expenditure, revenue and composite decentralization.
Nutritional deficiency of vitamin A and D is causing a lot of problems in the world. It is estimated that about one billion people worldwide are either vitamin D deficient or have insufficient vitamin D intake. In Pakistan about 85% of both pregnant and non-pregnant mothers have been found vitamin D deficient. Apart from this, 5.7 million children below 5 years of age and 42.5 % women were identified as vitamin A deficient in Pakistan. Being food fortification or supplementation a best approach, the food manufacturers are interested in fortifying their products with vitamin A and D. As both vitamins are restricted to fats and oils due to their non-solubility in water. Nanoemulsions are ideal solution to address this problem because this technique enhances the solubility, kinetic stability, bio efficacy and bioavailability of encapsulated material due to their smaller size. The purpose of present study was to fortify beverages with nanoemulsions of vitamin A and D. The nanoemulsions were prepared by using food grade surfactants (Tween 80 and soya lecithin), deionized water and vegetable oil (olive and canola oil). Preparation conditions for beta carotene and vitamin D nanoemulsions were optimized using response surface methodology. These nanoemulsions were further characterized against different physico-chemical parameters. In vivo study was carried out on animal model to investigate the safety of nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsions based delivery system was used to fortify the beverages with these vitamins. The results manifested that, ideal optimum preparation conditions for beta carotene nanoemulsions were 6.07% surfactant, 4.19 minutes homogenization time and 6.50% oil contents. For vitamin D nanoemulsions, optimum preparation conditions were 4.82 minutes xxii xxii homogenization time, 0.67 surfactant to oil ratio (S/O) and 7% disperse phase volume. During two months of storage studies, these nanoemulsions remained stable against phase separation and creaming. Moreover, droplet size of nanoemulsions stored at 4 °C slowly increased as compared to nanoemulsions stored at 25 °C. Additionally, p-Anisidine value of the vegetable oil (canola and olive oil) incorporated into nanoemulsions were significantly lower as compared to free vegetable oil. These nanoemulsions were stable against droplet aggregation and phase separation over a wide range of pH (2-8), salt concentration (50-400 mM) and temperature (30-80°C). During toxicity study, bi-nuclear assay, multinuclear assay and comet assay did not showed any toxic effect of nanoemulsions on animal models. During last part of study, vitamin beta carotene and vitamin D fortified model beverages was developed successfully. Hence, nanoemulsions based delivery system can be used for fortification of aqueous products with fat soluble vitamins and other nutraceutical compounds.