76. Al-Insan/The Human Being
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
76:01
a. Was there not a time in the past when the human being was nothing even to be mentioned?!
76:02
a. Indeed, it is WE WHO created human being of a drop of the mingling of seminal and
ovarian fluid of male and female, so that WE may test him during his lifetime.
b. Then WE enabled him with hearing and seeing and intellect.
76:03
a. And WE guided him on to the Right Path
b. to see whether he be grateful by following the Right Path, or be ungrateful by straying off the Right Path.
76:04
a. WE have definitely prepared for the ungrateful - by being sinful - chains and shackles and
a blazing fire.
76:05
a. As for the grateful - by being righteous - they will drink from cups containing a mixture of camphor/musk -
76:06
a. from a spring at which the servants of Allah will drink,
b. - making it gush out abundantly.
76:07
a. The righteous are the ones who used to fulfill their vows, and
b. stand in awe of the Time the evil of which will be encompassing everyone.
76:08
a. And they - the righteous – used to give food
- to the needy, for the love of HIM,
- and also to the orphan,
- and to the captive/prisoner of war,
700 Surah 76 * Al-Insan
76:09
a. saying within themselves:
b. ‘We feed you only for the Face...
Christian missionary scholarship on Islam and the Qur’an in Nigeria dates back to the advent of Christianity in the country. The reason was that Islam had become well established and indigenized in most parts of northern Nigeria and south Western Nigeria, and the Qur’an provides Muslims with information on Christianity and its doctrines. Thus, Islam became a serious obstacle to their endeavour. The early 20th century Christian Missionaries therefore, held that they could only get to the Muslims through the learning and research on the Qur’an. This spurred them to produce works on the Qur’an. Joseph Kenny was a Christian Missionary who was sent to Nigeria in 1964 through the directive of the Holy See, to assist the Catholic Church in reaching the Muslims in Nigeria. He underwent trainings in the fields of Arabic and Islamic Studies, and was able to produce more than 170 works on different areas of Islamic Studies. This paper critically examines some of his views on the Qur’an, as compared to the views of other Christian missionary scholars of Qur’an and thus elaborates on the misrepresentations contained in them.
Hayatabad Industrial Estate was established in 1963 with the objective to provide job opportunities and promote economic development. With the passage of time there was increase in industrial units with the increase in environmental impacts. The present study was conducted in Hayatabad Industrial estate during 2014-2017 with an attempt to study the Hayatabad industrial estate for industrial waste minimization through Industrial symbiosis and find out ways and means for mitigating its environmental impacts. For this purpose, the study was designed in three steps. First, the Sarhad Development Authority officials were interviewed to know about the operational and closed industrial units. Second, questionnaire survey was designed for the operational industries. In third step, wood based industries were identified and surveyed for waste minimization and industrial symbiosis. The record of Sarhad Development Authority (SDA) revealed that there are 372 industries out this 242 were functional. The interview and preliminary survey revealed that the industrial estate consists of two types of industries i-e small and large. Number of small industries were 126 out of which 22 (17%) were closed. While number of large industries were 246, out of this 36 (15%) industries were closed. The decrease in functional industries is attributed to various factors. Among these security threat, lack on incentives, energy crisis. Solid waste generation rate for the operational industries was 125,481 kg/day. Only 26% of the generated waste is re-used and 33% is re-cycled. A big percentage of 41% is discarded as waste. Fifty percent of the discarded waste is collected and disposed off properly. The disposed off waste was characterized. The solid waste consisted of wood (27%), paper (20%), glass/ceramics (16%), metals (16%), plastics (11%), rubber (6%), and sand/stones (5%). The characteristics of industrial effluents showed high level of contamination. Maximum contamination was observed in paper mill effluents. Most of the parameters such as Total Suspended Solids (823.4-836 mg/L), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (263-275 mg/L) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (526-550 mg/L) were above the level defined in Pak-NEQS. Simple treatment test was carried out for this industry revealed that a two-step sedimentation i-e gravitational settling and coagulation can remove TSS by 84%, BOD5 by 89% and COD by 86%. The recovered settled suspended load can be used as input in mold industry. It was observed that there was no proper routine system for handling/treatment of industrial discharges. Wood-based industries, selected for industrial symbiosis include match, chip-board, mold and paper. Their respective solid waste generation rates were 45-50 tons, 30-35 tons, 1.5-2 tons and 2-3 tons/day, respectively. This waste is inter-changeable but wood-waste is generally sold to outside and used as a fuel. If the wood-waste of match industry is used as an input in chip-board and paper industries, demand for fresh wood will be decreased by 10% and 90% in chip-board and paper industries, respectively. By using waste-wood of match industry as inputs in paper mill and chip-board industry, the energy of these industries decrease by 10% and 20% respectively. Due to lacking of industrial symbiosis, there is not only wastage of resource but contributes the pollution level also. It is therefore required to seek ways and means for efficient industrial symbiosis. For this purpose the SDA is required to divide the industrial estate into zones and place similar industry near to each other. In this way they may be able to exchange waste and raw materials. Keywords: industrial waste, coagulation, pollution control, waste recovery, re-use, re-cycling, waste exchange, waste management.