پہیہ
چنچل ہوائوں سے باتیں
لہلہاتے کھیتوں کے نظارے
موسم کی حسین ادائیں
معطر خوشگوار فضائیں
گلابوں کی مسکراہٹیں ،کلیوں کی اٹھکیلیاں
شاخوں کی عصمت دری پر خشک پتوں کی ماتم
چلچلاتی دھوپ میں سورج کا انتقام
سیاہ بادلوںکے گھنیرے سائے
بارش کی بوندوں سے اٹھنے والی بھینی بھینی مہک
سرکنڈوں سے نکلتے ہوئے جگنوئوں کے قافلے
Women are confronted with a lot of problems. In different parts of the world, some social and cultural attitudes still discourage the women from getting their established and assigned rights. The factors which are responsible for this phenomenon include societal norms, orthodoxy and some social customs contrary to islamic instructions. For instance, discrimination against women could be in terms of inadequate nutrition, denial or limited access to education, health and property rights, child labor, domestic violence and forceful marriage. So far as the Islamic instructions are concerned, these are derived from Quran and Sunnah and clearly describe women’s rights but, due to some socio-religious customs and undesirable behaviors the societal status and role of women have been badly affected. An international document, the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women also lists the rights of all girls and women. CEDAW recommends that all discriminations against girls and women must be ended. In this paper, the terms have been analyzed in the context of islamic instructions and teachings, in order to provide academic material for bringing positive change in the society.
The genus Cleome L. is systematically revised from Pakistan and the genus is represented by 11 species including one new species. The genus Cleome is distributed in all four provinces of Pakistan, grown wild as well as cultivated. Globally it is found in tropical sub-tropical and warm regions of the world. The data from various aspects i.e., general morphology, seed and leaf micromorphology, palynology and chemistry have been obtained and analyzed numerically and distribution pattern of the genus is also studied. The genus Cleome is generally characterized by the presence of complete and tertramerous flowers with parietal placentation, two valved capsule with persistent replum, grooved seeds, tricolporate and more or less trilobed pollen grains, presence of carbon and oxygen in seed coats and quercetin and its derivatives in leaves. While, the genus Cleome can be mainly divided into two groups usually based on simple and compound leaves and each of the species shows great diversity by having distinct combination of pollen tectum and colpal membrane surface. Similarly, a variety of trichomes like pubescent, hirsute or scabrous is also observed. Artificial keys are constructed based on studied aspects and the data is also analyzed numerically by clustering to find out the relationship among the species of the genus Cleome from Pakistan.