Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Impact of Team Empowerment and Team Effort on Team Performance With Moderating Role of Team Diversity

Impact of Team Empowerment and Team Effort on Team Performance With Moderating Role of Team Diversity

Thesis Info

Author

Zahid Ali

Supervisor

Mubashar Hassan Zia

Program

MS

Institute

Riphah International University

Institute Type

Private

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

82 . : ill. ; 29 cm. +CD

Subject

Management & Auxiliary Services

Language

English

Other

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science to the Faculty of Management Sciences; Includes bibliographical references and appendix; Thesis (MS)--Riphah International University, 2018; English; Call No: 658.404 ZAH

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676711645579

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

21۔دینی عناصر کی تقسیم کار

پاکستان میں قوانین کو اسلامیانے کے عمل کو صرف حکومتی کوششوں تک محدود نہیں سمجھنا چاہیے ،بلکہ غیر حکومتی کاوشوں پر بھی ایک نظر ڈالنی چاہیے ۔ وطن عزیزمیں غیر حکومتی سطح پر سب سے بڑا عنصر دینی عناصر کا ہے۔ اس میں دینی اصلاحی جماعتیں ، دینی سیاسی جماعتیں ، دینی مدارس و جامعات اور دین کے لیے کام کرنے والے دیگر مزاحمتی گروہ و ادارے شامل ہیں ۔ ان عناصر کو دو اقسام میں تقسیم کیا جاسکتا ہے :ایک گروہ میں وہ دینی جماعتیں ، ادارے اور افراد ہیں جو عموماً دین کے اجتماعی پہلو سے صرف نظر کرتے ہوئے اپنی دینی سرگرمیوں کو زیادہ تر محض فر د کی اصلاح اور تبلیغ وتعلیم تک محدود رکھتے ہیں ۔ دوسری طرف وہ دینی عناصر ہیں جو دین کو وسیع تر تناظر میں دیکھتے اور سمجھتے ہیں اور سیاسی اور اجتماعی سر گرمیوں میں حصہ لیتے ہیں ۔ انہوں نےاپنی ساری توجہ سیاست پر مرکوز کی ہوئی ہے ۔ لیکن سیاست میں ایسی حکمت عملی اپنانے میں ناکام ہیں جو انہیں کامیابی کی دہلیز تک لے جائے ۔ ہونا تویوں چاہیے کہ یہ دینی سیاسی عناصر آپس میں متحد ہوجاتے اور تقسیم کار کے اصول کے مطابق اپنی قوت کا محض ایک حصہ سیاسی کاموں میں لگاتے اور اپنی بڑی قوت کو دعوت و تبلیغ اور تعلیم تربیت کے کاموں میں کھپاتے ۔ ضرورت اس امر کی ہے کہ ا س ملک کے فہیم دینی عناصر اس صورت حال کا طائرانہ جا ئزہ لے کر اپنا احتساب کریں ۔ ماضی کی کمزوریوں کو محسوس کرکے مستقبل کی پیش بندی کریں تو کچھ بعید نہیں کہ یہ خطہ جو ہمیں اسلام کے نام پر ملا ہے ، عملاًبھی اسلام کا گہوارہ اور اسلام کی نشاۃ ثانیہ کامرکز بن جائے اور اس میں عمومی اسلامی قوانین ، جیسے...

A Case Report of Non-Atherosclerotic Driven Myocardial Infarction in a Patient Presenting with Coronary Artery Spasm Non-atherosclerotic driven myocardial infarction

Background: Non-atherosclerotic processes are regarded as equally important contributors to a substantial number of coronary problems mainly myocardial infarction. This includes coronary spasm which has been considered as one of the coronary syndromes leading to myocardial infarction. These non-atherosclerotic events ensuing in major averse cardiac events (MACE) not only require various diagnostic and therapeutic strategies but also there is a need to delineate the underlying etiology for their effective treatment and management. Case Summary: We report a case of anterior wall myocardial infarction (AWMI) driven by a non-atherosclerotic event i.e. Coronary spasm. Concomitant marked ST-segment elevation recorded on ECG revealed a diffuse mid distal disease in our patient. We report here the initial presentation, coronary care & intervention and throughout the clinical course of our patient. Conclusion: Myocardial infarctionsinvolving non-atherosclerotic causes in young individuals as in our study should be reported by medical practitioners and given equal importance as they might indicate the underlying root cause of such events. Effective treatment of such future cases can be done by taking management strategies, diagnostic findings and prognostic data into consideration.

Biotranformation of Selected Pollutants Using Biofilm Forming Bacteria

Environmental contamination due to improper dumping of industrial effluents and its toxicological manifestations has been recognized as major cause of public health risks, especially in developing countries. It has urged the scientific community to focus on various approaches to remedify their impacts.Keeping in view, the costs and generation of toxic byproducts related to conventional remediation strategies, there is a continuous need to look for environmentally safe technologies. Biological techniques (bioremediation) using microbial biomass and their biomolecules/products offer better treatment of contaminants compared to physical and chemical methods. Such potentials of biofilm forming bacteria and their biopolymers were investigated in present work. Bacteria from biofilm samples were isolated and screened for biofilm formation and decolorization of chemically variable dyes. All bacterial isolates were Gram negative, facultative anaerobes and mesophiles. They conferred resistance to multiple heavy metals including cadmium (100-1000 mg L-1), chromium (7001000 mg L-1), copper (600-1000 mg L-1), lead (1000 mg L-1), iron (1000 mg L-1) and nickel (200-600 mg L-1). Selected isolates with potentials to degrade/transform xenobiotic compounds were characterized at molecular level and identified as Staphylococcus sp. MB377, Bacillus subtilis MB378, Klebsiella oxytoca MB381 and Klebsiella pneumoniae MB398.Bacterial isolates showed the capability of decolorizing and degrading different dyes (Eriochrome black T, Congo red, Malachite green) in the presence and absence of glucose. Bacillus subtilis MB378 was most efficient in degrading these dyes up to 65-90% in presence of glucose. Optimum conditions for decolorization of Congo red dye were pH 5 (Klebsiella pneumoniae MB398), Eriochrome black T dye pH 8 (Bacillus subtilis MB378) and Malachite green dye pH 9 (MB392). While highest decolorization rates of Congo red dye were observed at 37˚C (Klebsiella pneumoniae MB398), Eriochrome black T dye at 30˚C (Bacillus subtilis MB378) and Malachite green dye at 30˚C (MB392), respectively. UV-VIS spectrophotometric & FTIR analysis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GCMS) further confirmed the possible degradation/transformation of dye molecules into respective metabolites.Assessment of simultaneous removal of dye and selected metals by biofilm forming bacteria showed efficient decolorization of Malachite green dye in presence of cadmium, copper and xxiv chromium (up to 79.65 & 88.07%, 79.35 & 93.18%, and 81.63 & 90.32%) by Staphylococcus sp. MB377 and Bacillus subtilis MB378, compared to individual dye molecules. Bioaccumulation yield of copper in combination with Malachite green dye was 30.88 mg L-1 (Staphylococcus sp. MB377), 31.22 mg L-1 (Bacillus subtilis MB378), while for chromium it was 29.88 mg L-1 (Bacillus subtilis MB378). Maximum chemotactic indices were recorded in the presence of glucose for Congo red by MB387 (1.37), Methyl orange by MB391 (0.97), Malachite green by MB391 (0.87) and Eriochrome black T by MB377 (0.74). Highest chemotactic potentials of Klebsiella oxytoca MB381 towards chromium (83.14), Staphylococcus sp. MB377 towards lead (81.23), MB392 towards cadmium (0.74) and Staphylococcus sp. MB377 towards copper (0.47) were recorded through capillary assay in the presence of glucose, while chemotactic response towards dyes and metals declined in the absence of glucose. Biopolymeric substances (EPS) were rich in carbohydrate contents and also harbored fairly good antimicrobial activities against target bacteria with inhibition zones ranging between 0.8-1.91 cm. FTIR spectroscopic analysis showed that these polysaccharides were comprised of proteins, carbohydrates, alkyl halides, nucleic acids, various hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups. SEM and XRD analysis revealed compact and crystalline nature of EPS. EPS from Staphylococcus sp. MB377, Klebsiella oxytoca MB381 and Klebsiella pneumoniae MB398 formed 67.71, 61.25 and 60.46% stable emulsions. EPS from Klebsiella pneumoniae MB398 gave highest emulsion retention values for Canola oil (1.330±0.045), Kerosene oil (1.261±0.251) and n-Hexane (0.794±0.120). EPS from Bacillus subtilis MB378 removed 96.09% of cadmium in combination with Malachite green, with an adsorption rate of 0.98 mg g-1. While 90.86% of copper removal in the presence of Malachite green dye was observed for EPS from MB392, compared to individual metal ions. EPS from Staphylococcus sp. MB377 removed 85.10 and 84.76% of Malachite green in combination with cadmium and chromium compared to dye molecules alone. FTIR spectra further confirmed that the reactions and complexation of dye in presence of metals with charged or ionizable functional groups of EPS had facilitated their adsorption and accumulation on to the surfaces of EPS. Complete genome sequencing of Staphylococcus sp. MB377 and Bacillus subtilis MB378 showed that each genome possessed significantly diverse structural and functional features. Both these strains had multiple genes involved in biofilm formation, adhesion, xxv exopolysaccharide production and chemotactic responses. Genes for metal resistance (Cd, Cr, Cd/Zn/Co, Cu) and reduction of arsenic were also annotated in the genomes of Staphylococcus sp. MB377 and Bacillus subtilis MB378, respectively along with multidrug efflux and transporting systems. These strains also possessed wide range of metabolic activities for effective catabolism and detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. Stress induced/response proteins were indicative of defense mechanisms and ability of bacteria to survive in diverse environmental conditions. Annotated genes encoding for various enzymes (dioxygenases, acylphosphatases, nitroreductases, tautomerase, laccase-like multicopper oxidase and oxidoreductases) indicated the potentials of these strains for utilizing and degrading different aromatic compounds and dyes.The diversity and potential of biofilm forming bacteria to adapt in diverse environmental conditions was recognized in present study. The results further supported present bacteria and their biomolecules as most potential/effective candidates for the remediation of polluted sites.