چونچال (۱۹۱۰ء۔۱۹۸۵ء) کا اصل نام بشیر احمد اور چونچالؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ چونچال سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ (۵۳۴) ان کی زندگی عسرت اور عدم آسائش کا شکار رہی لیکن وہ اپنے وقت میں مشاعروں کے مقبول ترین شعرا میں شمار ہوتے تھے۔ ان کا ایک شعری مجموعہ ’’منقار‘‘ دوست پبلی کیشنز اسلام آباد نے ۲۰۰۰ء میں شائع کیا۔ جو طنز یہ ومزاحیہ شاعری پر مشتمل ہے۔ اس کتاب میں غزلیں ،نظمیں اور قطعات شامل ہیں۔ یہ مجموعہ ایک سو پچاس صفحات پر مشتمل ہے۔ اس کتاب کے آغاز میں کامران مسعود کا مضمون’’ابتدائیہ‘‘ اصغر سودائی کا مضمون ’’چونچال ایک منفرد شاعر ‘‘،انور مسعود کا مضمون’’سیالکوٹ کا واحد ظریف شاعر‘‘ اور ضمیر جعفری کا تبصرہ ’’کلام بولتا ہے ‘‘ شامل ہیں۔
’’منقار‘‘ کے علاوہ ان کا کلیات زیر ترتیب ہے ابھی تک ان کا مجموعی کلام دسیتاب نہیں ہو سکا۔
بشیر احمد چونچال عظیم مزاح نگار شعرا میں ایک امتیازی حیثیت رکھتے تھے۔ اس امر کے کہ وہ عصر حاضر کے مزاح نگاروں میں صفِ اول کے شاعر تھے انھیں وہ مقام و مرتبہ نہ مل سکا جو ان سے کم تر درجے کے شاعروں کو مل چکا ہے یا مل رہا ہے۔اصغر سودائی چونچالؔ کی عظمت کے حوالے سے رقم طرا ز ہیں:
اگر میں یہ کہوں کہ چونچالؔ اکبر الہ آبادی کے بعد دوسرا بڑا شاعر ہے ۔ جس نے فلاح قوم کا بیڑا اٹھایا اور ساری عمر اسی دشت کی سیاہی میں گزار دی تو ہر لحاظ سے یہ ایک ایسا دعویٰ ہو گا جس کی دلیل ان کا کلام ہے۔(۵۳۵)
اپنے مضمون’’سیالکوٹ کا واحد ظریف شاعر‘‘ میں انور مسعود چونچال سیالکوٹی کے حوالے سے لکھتے ہیں:
میں سمجھتا ہوں کہ سیالکوٹ کے واحد ظریف شاعر چونچال بھی عدیم المثال ہیں۔...
Whenever we chronically morph into the history of the American intervention in Afghanistan it adheres to the fact that the war on terror was a rigid response of US aggression towards their failure in resisting the 9/11 attack of 2001 or for the sack of utter humanity or humanitarian rights. But on the contrary, many analysts and scholars on realistic ground justify the notion of war on terror as a strategic war which none the less determined the most figure of sustenance of US- hegemony in South Asia along with enormous illustrations of uncountable violation of human rights or the right of liberty the US administration, under the prism of liberalism. And now when the NATO alliance has existed from Afghanistan after a long constitutive war of 20 years without a remediate response, it enacts a dispersed or iconic philosophical thought that was the war on terror was a success or utter failure? The article will foretell the events that led to the war on terror from USA perspectives and policies its decisive defeat along with the rising of Taliban government with future threat and ties of it among state, under the prism of realism or the realist school of thought.
Heart attack is a life threatening disease and its prevalence in Pakistan is 6.2%. Pakistan comprises of four provinces and its estimated population is over 190 million. Relevant literature about the MI occurrence and its epidemiology has established that both are regionspecific. A reasonable research literature about the risk factors of heart diseases exists in advanced countries, but the same is not true for an emerging state like Pakistan. Additionally, its cure necessitates extraordinary expenditures. Pakistan being the rising country is struggling to encounter this contest with insufficient resources nevertheless with tiny achievement. This work offers a compact procedure of research work in which presentation of statistical / parametric (binary LR) along with non-parametric (the ANN model) methods are used to an epidemiological research. On the contrary, this work demonstrates an instance of how the logistic regression & neural network modeling methods can be applied to investigate the etiologies & risk factors for an MI. Prior to the construction of the multiple logistic regression, simple regression analysis is performed and only the independent variables holding p-value < 0.2 are selected for the ultimate inclusion to the Multiple Logistic Regression model. Outlier’s detection, autocorrelation examination and multicollinearity Identification are performed in advance. On the other hand the neural network model is run with all the collected data for comparison of results to the LR model. On relating the outcomes from both the methods, 16 variables are significantly linked to heart attack. It is possibly established that a harmonious group of etiologies & risk factors, from both logistic regression and neural networks is recognized which indicates that ANN is a powerful alternative technique to recognize etiologies & risk factors for heart attack in Pakistan. Generally, both models performed at equal level. In all the models chest pain remained the most significant variable proving that it is the most alarming etiology / symptom of a heart attack in our country. The risk factors found significant in both male and female models are; chest pain, family history, obesity, cholesterol level, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, breathing problem, less intake of fish, psychosocial factors, & easily angered. Similarly, on provincial classification of data, and on comparison, the variables gender, living environment, marital status, ethnicity, sleeping duration, obesity, tobacco use, life style and hypertension are not the same (differ significantly) in all the four provinces and vary from one province to other. In short, it is certified in the study that certain probable etiologies & risk factors belong to eating habits, psychological activities, family history, medical history and socioeconomic status of the cases. But most of the variables are associated to case’s medical history which expose that these factors are leading to myocardial infarction in the country. Analysis is performed using SPSS version 19 & AMOS version 18 at Aksaray University, Turkey.