قاعدہ استصحاب کی حجیت پر اہل سنت اور اہل تشیع کی آرا ء کا تحقیقی و تقابلی مطالعہ

This research article is a comparative study of arguments on Istishab from Ahli-eSunnah and Ahli-e-Tashyyo School of thoughts. Istishab means presumption of continuity. The word "Istishab" also means the continuance of companionship. Technically it means the presumption of constant of an earlier rule or it continued absence. In this sense it means the maintenance of status with respect to the rule. The previous rule is accepted. Unless a new rule is found that goes against. It is an easy reference one may refer to "Istishab-ul-hal" as the "accompanying rule". But the fact is that, Istishab-ul-hal is not a source for establishing new rules, but it is merely a set of presumptions. Istishab has vital importance in Islamic jurisprudence. But the authenticity and Significance of "Istishab" only can prove through arguments therefore decided to arrange a unique and comparative study of ‘Istihab” form Ahil sunnat and Ahil tashyy School of thoughts. So we can prove the rule of Istishab as an authentic and acceptable rule for all Muslim.

Effect of Performance Management System on Employees Performance: A Study of Pakistan International Airlines Pia

A successfully incorporated performance management system in any organization can contribute appreciably towards overall performance of an organization. Therefore, there is innate need for an effectual employee Performance Management System for every organization so that organizations can achieve desired outcomes from employee performance. The paper intended to identify the issues of performance management in the particular perspective of Pakistan International Airlines (PIA). It appraises the existing performance evaluation system of PIA and find out the shortfalls in current evaluation system and at the end will also recommend measures and steps towards improving the PIA Performance Management system to get the desired results from it. This research will be explanatory in nature and based on survey study of Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) as it is the best way to investigate the issues in current PMS of PIA and to find out the elements for effective PMS in PIA. Primary Data will be gathered through questionnaires which will be filled by Managers and employees of PIA and secondary data will be collected through PIA as well as Government Financial Performance reports, articles and books on performance management.