سورة الكوثر بين الإعجاز البلاغي وتحديات الترجمة

Since the inception of Islam, the translation of Quran’s meanings into other languages has always been an incessant need of the non-Arab Muslims. Although there are contrast views of Muslim scholars about the translatability and untranslatability of Quran into other languages for its innate miraculous meanings, tremendous efforts have been made, throughout the history, to make Quran easy for general public. Urdu is one of those languages in which Quran has been translated since Islam has brightened horizon of the sub-Continent. This research deals with the shortest Surah of Quran that contains plethora of meanings and rhetorical secrets with least letters, words and sentences. The research paper comprises of: Eloquence of al-Kawthar hinting the hidden semantic meanings. The problems of translating this chapter keeping in view to encompass the meanings of semantic eloquence during its translation. The researcher has confined the study to four Urdu Translations:   Translation of Sheikh Abdul Qadir, Translation of Sheikh Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Translation of Sheikh Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi Translation of Sheikh Abdul Majid Derya Abadi). The article deals with highlighting the difference between rhetorical miracles in the Qur’anic text and the shortcomings of its translations in an explanatory table and the research work comes to end with valuable results and suggestions.

Integrated Pest Management of Sugarcane Pyrilla, Pyrilla Perpusilla Wlk. Homoptera: Lophopidae in Punjab, Pakistan

The study was conducted on IPM of P. perpusilla, on various sugarcane genotypes, in the research area of Sugarcane Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, during 2006 to 2008. Twenty genotypes of sugarcane were tested for their resistance/susceptibility under replicated field trials against P. perpusilla, as a preliminary screening experiment. The most resistant variety, HSF-240 was selected for further experiments after final screening trials. The role of weather in the population fluctuations of the pest was also determined. Various physio-morphic and chemical plant-characters, viz., leaf width, leaf length, leaf spines density, cane length, cane diameter, nitrogen, phosphorus, total minerals, calcium, magnesium, fat, CHO, copper, zinc, POL, Brix, CCS and fiber contents were determined from the selected genotypes with the objective to ascertain the role of these factors, towards the resistance/susceptibility, against the pest, under test. Various control methods, like, cultural (fortnightly hoeing, detrashing of older leaf two times and trash mulching at the time of sowing), biological (release of cocoons of Epiricania melanoleuca @ 2500/ha four times from June 15 to September 15) , chemical (carbofuron @ 35 kg/ha from one month after sowing and coupled with earthing up), were applied singly and in their possible combinations, such as, biological + cultural, biological + chemical, cultural + chemical and cultural + chemical + biological control with the objective to keep the pest population below the economic threshold level and to find the most economical and effective method of control, for communication to the farmers. Application of cultural + chemical + biological controls in combination, resulted in a minimum population of P. perpusilla i.e., 0.32/leaf, whereas cultural methods showed a maximum population of 3.65/leaf, of the pest. The maximum yield, was recorded to be 3415.67 mounds/ha, in those treatments where cultural + chemical + biological control methods, were implicated and the minimum yield of 2214.33 mounds/ha, was observed, in application of cultural method. The application of cultural + chemical + biological control methods resulted in maximum net gain i.e., Rs. 149167/- with a cost-benefit ratio of 9.44 and was found to be the best treatment.