جناب مولانا انظر شاہ کشمیریؒ
افسوس کہ مولانا انظر شاہ کشمیری قریب بیاسی سال کی عمر میں ۲۶؍ اپریل ۲۰۰۸ء کو اس دنیائے فانی سے رخصت ہوگئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون، دارالمصنفین میں یہ خبر افسوس کے ساتھ سنی گئی اور یہ احساس عام رہا کہ ملت علوم اسلامیہ کے ایک نامور ترجمان اور دارالعلوم دیوبند کی عظمت کے نشان اور سلف صالحین کی روایتوں کے پاسبان سے محروم ہوگئی۔
وہ دین و دانش کی دنیا کے مہر انور، مولانا سید انور شاہ کشمیریؒ کے فرزند اصغر تھے، مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی نے شاہ کشمیریؒ کی وفات پر لکھا تھا کہ ’’چین سے لے کر روم تک ان کے فیضان کا سیلاب موجیں لیتا رہا‘‘ شاہ کشمیریؒ کے اوصاف میں کہا گیا کہ وہ معلومات کے دریا، حافظہ کے بادشاہ اور وسعت علمی کی نادر مثال تھے، الولد سرلابیہ اگر حق ہے تو مولانا انظر شاہ کشمیری کے بارے میں بھی ان ہی خوبیوں کا اعادہ کیا جاسکتا ہے، انہوں نے مولانا شبیر احمد عثمانی، مولانا حسین احمد مدنی، مولانا اعزاز علی اور مولانا ابراہیم بلیاوی جیسے ارباب علم و فضل سے اکتساب فیض کیا، خانہ انور اور دارالعلوم دیوبند کے خمیر سے جس شخصیت کی تشکیل کی توقع کی جاسکتی ہے وہ ان کی شکل میں پوری ہوئی، قریب نصف صدی تک حدیث شریف کے درس و تدریس کی مبارک خدمت ان کے نصیب میں آئی اور بڑی بات یہ ہے کہ قلم سے بھی ان کا رشتہ استوار رہا، ان کی کتابوں میں ’’فیض البخاری‘‘ اور ’’تراجم الابواب‘‘ کے نام ملتے ہیں، اس کے علاوہ ان کی قلمی میراث میں ’’تفسیر ابن کثیر، مدارک، جلالین‘‘ وغیرہ کے ترجمے بھی ہیں، ان کے ذہن و فکر اور مطالعہ کی وسعت اور تنوع کا اندازہ اسی سے کیا جاسکتا ہے کہ درس و تدریس، تصنیف و...
Farmers predominantly belong to lower class of the society, particularly in developing and under developing countries. This actuality really put them on back-foot in every sphere of life, including their various agricultural activities. For instance, they always face problems to fulfil their agricultural requirement, both for crop and non crop activities, and hence, not in position to get utmost benefits from their efforts. Being citizens of a developing country, Pakistani farmers come across the identical situation. As they are Muslims, therefore, avoid securing interest based loan from the financial institutions. Islamic financial system provides an alternate to such interest based arrangement in the shape of various financing techniques. Among these, Istisnā’ (manufacturing) is the most important one which can be used effectively for the fulfilment of various agricultural requirements. However, its role is more dominant in the satisfaction of non crop agricultural activities that is for example, manufacturing of some heavy agricultural machinery and equipments, installation of tube-wells and channels for appropriate irrigation system, construction of small houses for farmers in their lands etc. The present work discusses the theoretical background of this mode, available in the scholarly work of classical and contemporary Muslim jurists’ work, followed by the description that how it can be used for financing various sectors of agriculture. Study reveals the transaction is equally viable for the development of all sectors of agriculture like local farming, fish farming, dairy farming, poultry farming, horticulture etc. The intended results can be achieved when the financial institutions apply the transaction in its true spirit and philosophies envisaged for it by Islamic commercial law, and not mere a source of earning profit.
Regional (provincial) growth inequalities and deprivation among provinces of Pakistan is one of the hot issues. It is a general perception that small provinces are neglected in the development process, while main focus of development policies was on large provinces. This study the first of its kind, which analyzes the relationship among the growth rates of provinces in Pakistan. It also explores sources of regional inequalities among provinces. In this context, the role of monetary and fiscal polices, are also explored. To understand, the nature of economic relationships and regional pattern of growth among provinces, the study Applied Engle Granger (EG) cointegration technique. The use of EG enables to analyze inter-provincial growth rates on one to one basis. The study has estimated 144 co-integrating equations to explore the dynamic relationship between GDP, agriculture, industry and services sectors of Pakistan and in its four provinces. Empirical evidences are drawn within sectoral relationship and among the four provinces of Pakistan. The results reveal that GDP growth rate of Punjab and Sindh provinces complement each other, in the development process. However, it revealed that the deprived provinces of Balochistan and KPK growth rates depend upon Sindh and Punjab. The sectoral cointegration analysis indicated that linkages across sectors and provinces are weak; among poor provinces. The findings confirm that there is a significant sectoral relationship and integration between relatively developed provinces of Punjab and Sindh. Their growth benefited each other, across provinces. This may be due to the fact that planning in Pakistan, before the 18th Amendment in the constitution, was centralized, and polices were focused on sectoral development rather than regional development; while regional income inequalities were ignored which led to provincial deprivation and inequalities. Further, the results of the study also supported that the growth of agriculture and industry, in each province, significantly depends on the growth of the services sector of the same province, as well as, on the service sectors of other provinces. The study has also estimated the impact of monetary and fiscal Policy on inter provincial growth differentials. For this, purpose panel data was utilized by applying fixed effect model. The analysis indicated that fiscal policy helped to reduce the regional growth disparities in Pakistan, whereas monetary policies enrage the situation of increasing income inequalities in the provinces. The study indicted high variations in the level of financial development across provinces, which may be one of the reasons for less development in the poor provinces like Balochistan and KPK. Lastly, an important finding of the study is that the incidences of terrorism and electricity load shedding, have augmented the regional growth disparities among provinces and in Pakistan. The shortfall in electricity has most affected the large scale manufacturing sector of Sindh, whereas the terrorism mostly affects KPK and Balochistan, which further fueled deprivation of the neglected province. The study suggests that planning and policy making should use from bottom up approach to address the above cited emerging economic issues. Provinces be empowered to have lion’s share in financial exchequer and economic decision making. The central planning body had members from each province who had responsibility to keep check on regional equity and disparities. The very concept of the institution has lost, since government servants (CSP officers) are serving on these positions now and they hardly play their role in this respect. It is recommended that the central planning body (Planning Commission) and Central bank should play their role in curtailing regional income inequalities and deprivations. There is an earnest need to integrate all provinces in to the main framework of economic development, on equity basis. Besides, although there is a right step of NFC award, which provides more resources to provinces but still there is a need to strengthen it more in terms of more economic power to provinces if they have to be integrated. Special development programs are needed to integrate relatively underdeveloped provinces of Balochistan and KPK; if at all regional equity has to be maintained and these provinces have to bring out of the sense of deprivation.