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Modeling Security Specific Authentication, Authorization, Availability in Extended State Machine

Thesis Info

Author

Shamsa Siddique

Supervisor

Rizwan Bin Faiz

Program

MS

Institute

Riphah International University

Institute Type

Private

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

36 . : ill. ; 30 cm. +CD

Language

English

Other

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science to the Faculty of Computing.; Includes bibliographical references; Thesis (MS)-- Riphah International University, 2018; English; Call No: 005.14 SHA

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676711686894

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ڈاکٹر عبدالعلیم

ڈاکٹر عبدالعلیم
ڈاکٹر عبدالعلیم سابق وائس چانسلر مسلم یونیورسٹی علی گڑھ اور صدر اردو بورڈ دہلی کی اچانک وفات سے پورے علمی حلقہ کو دکھ ہے، ان کے خیالات کچھ بھی رہے ہوں، لیکن وہ اپنی شرافت طبع اور مرنجان مرنج رویے کی وجہ سے ہر حلقہ میں پسند کئے جاتے تھے، جہاں رہے ان کا وزن اور وقار رہا، دارالمصنفین سے ان کے تعلقات برابر خوشگوار رہے، مسلم یونیورسٹی کے عربی اور اسلامیات کے شعبوں کو ترقی دینے میں بھی ان کی خدمات برابر یاد کی جائیں گی، وہ مسلم یونیورسٹی کے وائس چانسلر بہت ہی نازک دور میں بنائے گئے، ان پر نظر انتخاب ڈاکٹر ذاکر حسین خاں مرحوم کی پڑی تھی، جو ان کو بہت محبوب رکھتے تھے، انھوں نے جامعہ ملیہ میں تعلیم پائی، ان کی وفات سے جامعہ ایک لائق فرزند علمی حلقہ ایک شریف اہل علم اور ملک ایک بہت ہی باوقار محب وطن سے محروم ہوگیا، اﷲ تبارک و تعالیٰ ان کو غریق رحمت کرے، آمین۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، مارچ ۱۹۷۶ء)

 

Development Discourse and Womens Empowerment in Sindh

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Biochemical Studies on Berberis Lyceum Royal and Analysis of its Extracts for Bioactivity

Medicinal plants are major source of drugs used for the treatment of various health disorders. Berberis lyceum Royal, an indigenous plant of the North-East of Pakistan was selected to explore its medicinal value during this study. This plant has many therapeutic values and is being used against many diseases / infections by local population since centuries. B.lyceum remedies provided against swollen and sore eyes, broken bones, wounds, gonorrhea, curative piles, unhealthy ulcers, acute conjunctive, and in chronic ophthalmia. Therefore, thorough investigation was conducted for proximate analysis, fatty acid contents, metal ion analysis, isolation and purification of alkaloids. Bioactivity of crude extract for antimicrobial, antidiabetic and wound healing have been investigated in this study. Biochemical analysis of root samples of B. lyceum Royal showed the variation among different parameters, which include protein contents (4.4 – 6.24 %), crude fiber (14.96 – 16.40 %) and crude ash (3.79 – 6.99 %) on dry weight basis. No variation regarding crude fats (0.5 %) was found in any samples analyzed. The oil contents were determined by Soxhlet method and results revealed that the principal saturated and unsaturated fatty acid components of B. lyceum Royal root were Palmitic (16:0), Oleic (18:1) and Linoleic (18:2) acids. Palmitic acid (11.73 – 32.04 %), stearic acid (1.09 – 2.66 %), oleic acid (12.01 – 39.67 %), Linoleic acid (42.59 – 47.43 %) and linolenic acid (1.70 – 5.71) were found when oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In all cases polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were greater than monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). The micro and macro elements of different samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry and flame photometer. The results showed that the higher mineral ion contents under investigation were found in Mansehra sample i.e. 599.12 μg /g, whereas Abbotabad had the lowest content, 242.63 μg/g. The total mineral ion contents was in the sequence of Mansehra> Kotlisattian> Bagh> Abbotabad. Calcium (Ca2+) was the highest, ranging from 456 to 187.33 μg/g and copper (Cu2+) was the lowest, ranging from 0.37 to 0.013 μg/g. Two alkaloids, berberine and palmatine were analyzed and quantified by TLC and HPLC and proton and carbon signals were detected in 1H and 13C -NMR spectra. The analysis of the NMR spectra of berberine and Palmatine revealed that the proton H-13 resonating as a singlet (H-13 of 1: δ 8.72; H-13 of 2: δ 8.81) could be used for quantification. The 1H NMR method used in this study was found to be simple, rapid and specific for the analysis of protoberberine alkaloids and required reference compound, apart from the internal standard, and an overall profile of the preparation was obtained directly. Using this method the content of protoberberine alkaloids can be determined in Berberis lyceum and other plant extracts in a shorter time than conventional method of HPLC. Bioactivity of crude extract and Berberine of B. lyceum Royal was evaluated for antimicrobial, antidiabetic and wound healing. For antimicrobial bioassay, root extracts of B. lyceum prepared in three different solvents, methanol, ethanol and aqueous and tested against different bacteria, fungi and yeast strains. Antimicrobial activities were assessed by using Disc diffusion method and Micro dilution assays. It was observed that all root extracts of Berberis lyceum were highly effective against different bacteria and fungi. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts have inhibited growth of microorganisms more effectively as compared to aqueous extract. The results obtained in present study indicates that root of B. lyceum contained some phytochemicals having antimicrobial activity and could be used for pharmaceutical industries for the development of new drugs required for human and animal health. The wound healing activities of the aqueous and methanol extracts of the root of B. lyceum were assessed using incision, excision and dead wound space models of wound repair in rats. After application of both extracts it was observed that the area of epithelialization increased, followed by an increase in wound contraction, skin breaking strength, tissue granulation, dry weight and hydroxyproline content. Histopathological studies of the granulation tissue also indicated that there was an increase in collagen formation in those rats treated with the methanol extract, compared with the control group animals. The methanol extract was more effective than the aqueous extract, but both showed significant results as compared to the control. The antidiabetic activity of the ethanol root extract of Berberis lyceum was compared with pure berberine in normal and alloxan-diabetic rats using similar doses of each. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of berberine and a whole extract of B. lyceum on blood glucose and other parameters associated with diabetes, to compare the effects of the crude extract with those of pure berberine and thus validate its use as a therapeutic agent, and finally to identify any contribution of the other components of the extract to these effects. Oral administration of 50 mg/kg of Berberis extract and berberine to normal and experimental diabetic rats produced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels from days 3 –7 days of treatment. 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