نوجوانوں کے مسائل
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’نوجوانوں کے مسائل ‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
مسئلہ جیسا بھی ہو پریشان کن ہوتا ہے۔ ذہنی اور جسمانی قویٰ کے اضمحلال کا باعث ہوتا ہے اس کے حل کے لیے کوششیں کی جاتی ہیں ، اس کو عوام النّاس کے ذریعے اہل علم طبقہ کے ذریعے تگ و دو اور کاوش کے ذریعے حاصل کرنے کی ہر ممکن کوشش کی جاتی ہے تا کہ مسئلہ، مسئلہ ہی نہ رہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
مسائل کے شکار لوگ اپنی ذات کی حد تک سوچتے ہیں، ان کی قوت فکر محدود ہو جاتی ہے ان کے سوچنے کا انداز مختلف ہو جاتا ہے، دوست و احباب ان کے عظیم مشوروں سے محروم رہتے ہیں یہاں تک کہ تہذیب وتمدن اور کلچروثقافت تک متاثر ہوجاتے ہیں۔
صدرِمحترم!
مسائل کسی کی شکل وصورت دیکھ کرنہیں آتے ، یا قد کاٹھ والے شخص ہی مسائل کا شکار نہیں ہوتے، مسئلہ کسی کو بھی درپیش ہوسکتا ہے، غریب ہو یا امیر ہو، شاہ ہو یا گدا ہو ، چھوٹا ہو یا بڑا ہر ایک کو کوئی نہ کوئی مسئلہ درپیش رہتاہے۔ اور یوں ہی اس کے شب وروز مسائل کے حل میں گزرتے رہتے ہیں۔
ہر دل میں نئی طرح سے ہے یاد کسی کی
ملتی نہیں فریاد سے فریاد کسی کی
جناب صدر!
لیکن نو جوانوں کے مسائل بڑے گھمبیر ہوتے ہیں ، بچے کا اگر کوئی مسئلہ ہے تو نوجوان حل کر لیتے ہیں ،نوجوانوں کا مسئلہ پیرانہ سالی کے شکار لوگوں سے بوجہ ضعف اور تھکاوٹ حل ہونا مشکل ہو جاتا ہے۔ اس لیے اس عمر میں...
Intoxicant use and subsequent substance abuse is the leading health problem in younger age groups in contemporary times, and across the globe. It contributes to morbidity, mortality and economic loss. It also disturbs the social system of a community and creates a serious threat to global health. The aim of this study was to determine the use of intoxicants among medical college students of Islamabad and to identify the associated factors with intoxicant use. A cross-sectional research design was used to gather survey data from two private medical colleges. Data from a final sample of 310 respondents was analyzed using descriptive statistics. It was found that smoking was the most prevalent intoxicant used amongst the participants (21.9%). The other most common prevalent use of intoxicants included alcohol (6.1%), Naswar (powdered tobacco dip) (6.8%) and Heroin (3.9%). The male gender and need for mental relaxation were found to be statistically significant with cigarette smoking. Most of the students indicated that they did not feel guilty about using intoxicants. It is important that medical college administration develops policies to control intoxicant use among students, including and not limited to awareness campaigns, counseling and support for stress relief.
Staphylococcus aureus is the main cause of mastitis in dairy goats. This organism is recognized as major mastitis causing pathogen in dairy animals worldwide. In humans, it also caused various diseases such as food poisoning and Staphylococcal enterotoxins. This bacterium mostly infected the dairy herds due to poor sanitary conditions and untreated groundwater used to wash utensils during milking practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among infected dairy goats. Hundred milk samples were collected from infected dairy goats and grown on a blood agar. A total of 58/100 (58%) were positive for S.aureus that was further confirmed on the basis of biochemical tests namely catalase positive and coagulase positive. The positive isolates of S. aureus strains were analyzed using a molecular technique. DNA of positive S. aureus isolates was extracted using Macherey-Nagel kit method. The extracted isolates of S. aureus were run on agarose gel electrophoresis. Ethidium bromide dye was used to visualize DNA bands using UV illuminator. The amplification of genes encoding 16S rRNA of positive S. aureus isolates was performed by Polymerase chain reaction. Primers (Forward primer 5''-AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG & Reverse primer 5''-AAG GAG GTG ATC CAG CCG CA) were designed using Primer 3 software. PCR clean up method was used in purification of sequences. These amplified gene products were further sequenced by using Sanger method. The sequenced results of these bacterial species were confirmed by comparing the sequences present in BLAST program at National Centre of Biotechnology Information. MEGA 7 software was applied for the construction of Phylogenetic tree. Some other bacterial species such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Enterobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter baumannii along with Staphylococcus aureus were also identified due to their genetic differences. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method. The evolutionary distances were computed using the p-distance method and in the units of the number of base differences per site. The analysis involved 14 nucleotide sequences. There were a total of 371 positions in the final dataset. Antibiotics such as penicillin, erythromycin or tetracycline are used in the treatment of mastitis in goats. It is concluded that Staphylococcus aureus was more prevalent in the milk samples of infected goats and is an etiologic agent of mastitis in dairy goats. The consumption of raw milk may infect humans and lead to various infections.