صبحِ قفس کا جمالیاتی پہلو
سر زمین پاک پتن کی عظمت ورفعت کے سے کیسے انکار ہو سکتا ہے۔ یہی وہ مخزن ومعدن تصوف ہے جس میں پائے جانے والے لعل وگہر کسی کو مفلوک الحال یا تشنہ لب نہیں رہنے دیتے۔ فیوض وبرکات سے مالامال اس خطہ تحریم سے محبت کرنے والا کبھی کسی احساس محرومی کاشکار نہیں رہ سکتا۔ خواہ وہ اس سے ہزاروں میل دور ہی کیوں نہ ہو مگر جو سعادت منداپنے صبح و مسا دامن حضرت گنج شکرؒ کے ساتھ وابستگی میں گزاررہا ہو یقینا اس کا طائر تخیل اوج سماء کی جانب ہر وقت محو پرواز رہتا ہے۔ تائب نظامی انھی خوش مقدر لوگوں میں شمار ہوتے ہیں جو ہر لمحہ مزار گنج شکرؒ کی تابش سے اپنے دل ونگاہ کو منور کیے ہوئے ہیں اور پھر خوش قسمتی سے اگر انسان شاعر اور ادیب بھی ہو تو یہاں قیام کا لطف دوآتشہ بلکہ سہ آتشہ ہو جاتا ہے۔ میں دل کی گہرائیوں سے یہ محسوس کرتا ہوں کہ صاحب مزارؒ کے تلطف اور نوازش سے تائب نظامی کے شعری وادبی حوصلوں کو نیاولولہ اور عزائم کو تخلیق کے نئے اُفق عطا ہوتے ہیں۔ صبحِ قفس’’عروض‘‘ کی ایک ایسی دلآویز ہے جو ’’گلہائے رنگارنگ سے ہے زینت چمن‘‘ کا دل پذیر منظر پیش کر رہی ہے۔ میں اس حقیقت کا اظہار کسی تصنع یاریا کے بغیر کر رہا ہوں کہ قدرتِ کاملہ نے اس ’’تلمیذخاص‘‘ کو ردیف قافیہ ، اوزان و بحور اور بندش الفاظ پر جو دسترس عطا کر رکھی ہے اس کی داد میرے امکان میں نہیں۔
غزلیات پر مشتمل صبح قفس کا آغاز حسب روایت حمدو نعت سے ہوتا ہے۔ شاعر ان اصناف کی نزاکتوں سے کماحقہ آگاہ ہیں۔ وہ حمد و نعت کی گہرائی وگیرائی سے اچھی طرح شناسا ہیں۔ حمد کا ایک شعر الوہیت رب...
Islam caters to people’s need for peace and serenity and therefore takes every legal measure to safeguard the society against disruptive elements. A criminal who spoils the tranquility of a peaceful society deserves to be awarded severe punishment but Islam does not deem it logical to execute punishments before eliminating the major causes for commission of crimes. The following research article describes the attitudes of Western critics of Islam--such as Robert Spencer-- towards Islamic penalties namely amputation and stoning to death. It describes Islamic concept of crime and punishment in comparison with Western concepts and attempts to prove that Islam never loses sight of moderation and inflicts no barbarities. The last part of the research article, through crime statistics of United States of America, proves that the they have disastrously failed to curb violent crimes in their society. Hence it is high time that the world recognized the effective role and deterrent value of Islamic punishments for peace and stability.
Thesis Title: ATTRIBUTION AND INFLUENCE PERCEPTION OF SUCCESS AMONG MALE AND FEMALE MANAGERS: A PERSPECTIVE OF PAKISTANI PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS This study investigated whether people’s attribution for success and failure do reflect identifiable dimensions and whether or not these were compatible with those proposed by Weiner (1985, 2004) mainly internal and external locus of control. Moreover, it also looked at the perceived influence used by managers, mainly rationality, ingratiation and exchange maneuvers. It was hypothesized that success will be attributed more to internal factors like ability etc; whereas failure will be attributed to external factors like luck etc. The gender of the managers was believed to influence the attributions made, with males’ success and females’ failure attributed to internal causes. For influence perceptions, it was hypothesized that success will be attributed to the usage of ingratiation and exchange maneuvers as well as rationality maneuvers. As for the gender of the managers, it was hypothesized that males’ success will be assigned to the more frequent usage of rationality maneuvers, whereas the success of female managers will be assigned to the more frequent usage of ingratiation and exchange maneuvers. The design of the study was experimental and four hundred employees from the private sector organizations of Pakistan participated in this investigation. The overall design of this study was a 2 (managers: most successful/least successful) X 2 (manager’s sex: male/female) X 2 (participants sex: male/female) between-subjects factorial. This means that this was a 2x2x2 factorial design because three independent variables were examined: the managers’ success, the managers’ gender and the subjects’ gender all with two categories each. Data was gathered with the help of a self-report questionnaire with closed questions that included scaled items. MANOVA and ANOVA techniques were performed to test the hypotheses. The results revealed only partial acceptance of the hypotheses proposed. As predicted, success by a male was assigned to skill (internal), whereas the lack of career success in a female was attributed to lack of skill (internal). For influence perceptions, male’s success was assigned to the more frequent use of rationality maneuvers compared to the other managers. The gender of the participants was not significant in the evaluations of the manager. Moreover limitations, future research, directions, and implications for organizations were also discussed.