فلسفہ نماز اور مکافات عمل

Prayer [al-Ṣalāh] is the second most important pillar of Islām. This is the ritual which is supposed to be offered by all the Muslims, who come of age and are sane, regardless of their status and wealth. Following the acceptance of Islām, offering Prayer is the foremost obligation of a Muslim, which is considered the prime manifestation and the testimony of his or her practical submission to Allāh and His religion, Islām. Faith in Allāh is the foundation of Islām, in the same way, Prayer is the practical foundation of Islām. Therefore, the Prophet (S. A. W) laid stress on the significance of Prayer, the most. Only those, who are steadfast in their Prayers and safeguard them are really aware of its importance, and only they can expect from Allāh to give them their reward, thus, they are the true believers. The importance and reality of Prayer can be understood only by that person who is well aware of this relation between man and Allāh and only he can feel its true spiritual pleasure. The effects of Prayer are prominently visible in the daily life of Muslims. The history of Prayer is as old as the religion itself. Its concept has been a part of all the religions, however, they have different ways to perform it. In this paper, the author explores the Islamic academic sources to ascertain the importance and the status of Prayer in Islām. Also, he explores its history, the tidings and remuneration of Prayer and of the rites and rituals belonging to it, e. G., Mosque, Āzān, Iqāmat, Rukū‘ (to bow down), Prostration, Maintenance of Ranks, etc.

Cooperation and Confrontation in Pakistan-United States Relations During Pervez Musharraf Era

The study analyzes Pakistan-United States relations, which are a combination of confrontation and cooperation. Since independence, the relations between the two States have seen many ups and downs. The purpose of this research is not only to provide an exhaustive historical account of the relations; it also aims at interpreting cooperation and confrontation between the two countries in the broader sense during Musharraf era. The research has focused on how the two countries reached various formal agreements, how the official dialogues were conducted on major issues of bilateral interest, and what impacts it had on the relationship between the two nations. It has also been enquired how the United States policy towards Pakistan changed from confrontation to cooperation after 9/11 attacks. It has also encompassed the economic dependence of Pakistan on the US aid, its social sector’s developments and the need for the US military aid for the balance of power in the region and Pakistan’s national security. The consequences and backlash on Pakistan economy, socio-religious life, and overview of the country’s law and order situation, suggestions to reduce the atmosphere of mistrust and way forward to improve the Pakistan-US relationship between the two independent-sovereign states has also been part of the analysis of the relations. This study includes details regarding the cooperation between the two countries, eradicating terrorism, improving socio-political situation in Afghanistan, removing major irritants between the two countries. Moreover, it considers Pakistan’s response to the situation in Afghanistan, steps taken by Pakistan and the US to resolve the crisis and the consequences, for Pakistan, for becoming an ally of the United States in the war on terrorism. Furthermore, it has also discussed why Pakistan’s decision to provide logistic and intelligence assistance to the US in the war on terrorism was a precautionary measure against being labelled as a terrorist state and an ally of the Taliban by the US. The research has endeavored to carry out an in depth study of Pakistan-US relations and their impact on the policies of both countries. It has also studied the issues relating to some irritants and confrontation between the two countries.