مفتی عبداللطیف
افسوس ہے کہ علمائے قدیم کی ایک اہم اور آخری یادگار مفتی عبداللطیف صاحب نے گزشتہ مہینہ انتقال فرمایا، مرحوم استاذ العلماء مولانا لطف اﷲ صاحب علی گڑھ کے شاگرد مولانا فضل رحمن گنج مراد آبادیؒ کے مرید اور دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء کے دور اول کے اساتذہ میں تھے، حضرت سید صاحب مرحوم نے ابتدائی کتابیں ان ہی سے پڑھی تھیں۔ پھر ندوہ سے اپنے خواجہ تاش مولانا محمد علی مونگیریؒ کے پاس مونگیر چلے گئے اور کچھ دنوں یہاں قیام کے بعد حجاز تشریف لے گئے اور کئی سال تک مدرسۂ صولتیہ مکہ معظمہ میں درس و تدریس کی خدمت انجام دی، اسی زمانہ میں مصر و شام و عراق وغیرہ کی سیاحت کی، پھر حجاز سے واپس آکر مونگیر میں تصنیف و تالیف کا سلسلہ شروع کیا، جامعہ عثمانیہ کے قیام کے بعد جب ان کے ہم درس مولانا حبیب الرحمن خاں شروانی اس کے وائس چانسلر مقرر ہوئے تو انھوں نے مفتی صاحب کو اس کے شعبۂ دینیات میں لکچرر مقرر کیا اور آخر میں وہ اس کی صدارت کے عہدہ سے وظیفہ یاب ہوئے۔ جامعہ عثمانیہ سے سبکدوشی کے بعد شروانی صاحب نے مسلم یونیورسٹی کے شعبۂ دینیات میں ان کا تقرر کرایا۔ مگر چند ہی سال کے بعد ضعف پیری کی وجہ سے اس خدمت سے سبکدوش ہوگئے، اور علی گڑھ میں مستقل قیام فرمایا، مگر درس و تدریس کا سلسلہ آخر عمر تک جاری رہا۔
مفتی صاحب مرحوم ہندوستان کے مشہور اساتذہ میں تھے، دینی علوم پر ان کی نظر بڑی گہری اور وسیع تھی۔ ان کے تلامذہ کی تعداد سیکڑوں سے متجاوز ہے۔ جن میں مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی مرحوم جیسے شاگرد بھی تھے۔ تالیف و تصنیف کا بھی مشغلہ رہتا تھا۔ چنانچہ ان کی کئی کتابیں تاریخ القرآن، سیرت امام ابوحنیفہ اور فقہ کے چند رسائل...
The Musharraf formula refers to the resolution formula of the Kashmir conflict which was reportedly agreed upon during the one-to-one backchannel dialogue between Mr. Tariq Aziz, the former civil servant and close aide of the then President of Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf and Mr. Satinder Lambah, a special envoy of the Prime Minister of India. We now know some of the details of this formula from the article of the American journalist, Steve Coll which he had published in New Yorker in March 2009 and the book of Mr. Khursheed Mahmud Kasuri, Neither a Hawk, Now a Dove which was published in 2015. Prior to this Mr. Musharraf and Mr. Kasuri had already claimed in their TV interviews and press talks that by March 2007 India and Pakistan were very close to resolving the Kashmir conflict. This paper takes the details of that non-paper agreement and tries to study what exactly that agreement holds for the future resolution of the Kashmir conflict. The basic understanding is whenever the Pakistani and the Indian governments will take up the negotiations on the Kashmir conflict in future, this agreement is bound to come up in the talks as a starting reference point. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully look at this agreement and discuss what it entails for the resolution of the Kashmir conflict.
Beliefs play a vital role in shaping actions. They not only drive the actions but also help in identifying strategies to practice beliefs. English Language Learning beliefs and strategy use is a relatively unexplored area in Pakistani context. The aim of this study is to investigate Pakistani college students’ and teachers’ beliefs about English language learning, to explore English language learning strategies used by the students and preferred by the teachers and to find out relationship between beliefs and strategy use. 419 college students and 40 teachers participated in the study. A wide range of data collection tools were used, including four Likert-scale questionnaires, comprising different versions for teachers and students respectively, The Individual Background Questionnaire (IBQ), the Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory (BALLI), the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) and Teachers Preferred Strategy Questionnaire (TPSQ). Apart from these questionnaires, other information gathering tools including Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Open-ended Questions, Interviews and Classroom Observations were also used for collecting qualitative data with a view to imparting more reliability and objectivity to the data used for the study. In this regard, five focus group discussion sessions and 12 classroom observations were conducted. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 for quantitative date, while the software Nvivo 9 was used for qualitative data analysis. The results largely suggest convergence in teachers’ and students’ beliefs, yet they differ from each other in many respects. The data revealed that metacognitive strategies are most frequently used by Pakistani students, while social strategies are amongst those least preferred. Gender as well as exposure to English is among significant factors in determining the use of these strategies. The study also showed that teachers preferred certain strategies over the others. Most importantly, the study testified that there existed a significant association between beliefs and strategy use. The study has important implications for language teaching, teacher training, syllabus reformation and the examination system. The study recommends that curriculum, teacher training programs and examination system prevalent in colleges of Pakistan be revised keeping in view teachers’ and students’ beliefs towards learning of English in order to improve English language teaching/learning situation in the country.