سیر گری اور ترمینل نمبر1
قاہرہ سے شرم الشیخ جانے کے لیے نیل نامی ہوائی کمپنی کے جہاز میں محمد علی نے میرے ساتھ سفر کرنا تھا جلد ہی ہم دونوں میں ذہنی ہم آہنگی پیدا ہوئی اور مصریوں کے بارے میں میری رائے اچھی بننے لگی ۔قاہرہ کے ائیر پورٹ کے ترمینل نمبر 1پر عجیب چہل پہل تھی ، بھانت بھانت کے لوگ ،بھانت بھانت کی بولیاں بولتے عجیب و غریب لباس زیب تن کیے جوق در جوق اس ترمینل کی انتظار میں ٹولیوں کی شکل میں بیٹھے تھے۔سرخ،کالے ،بھورے ،زرد جتنے انسانوں کے رنگ اس سے زیادہ بولیاں ۔مسافر نے کرنسی تبادلے کی دکان پر موجود ایک خوش گفتار مصری سے پوچھا کہ یہ لوگ کن کن علاقوں سے یہاں آتے ہیں اور اس ترمینل سے کس منزل کی طرف جا رہے ہیں؟۔جواب ملا کہ دنیا بھر سے آتے ہیں؟مگر زیادہ تر لوگ روس سے آتے ہیں ۔میرے استفسار پر کہ اس ترمینل میں رقوم کے تبادلے کی کتنی دکانیں ہیں،اس نے کہا چار ۔پوچھنے پر پتہ چلا کہ صرف ایک دکان پر روزانہ تقریباََایک لاکھ امریکی ڈالر مصری پائونڈ میں تبدیل ہوتے ہیں چار دکانوں پر یہ تبادلہ ماہانہ ایک کڑو ر بیس لاکھ تک ہوتا ہو گا یہ آمدنی صرف سیر گری سے حاصل ہو رہی ہے ۔اس ترمینل سے اسکندریہ اور شرم الشیخ کی طرف صرف ان جہازوں کو اڑان بھرنے کی اجازت تھی جو مصری عوام و حکومت کی ملکیت میں تھے اور جہازوں کے کرائے بھی ان سیاحوں نے ڈالر وں میں بھرنے ہوتے ہیں ۔
مسافر نے سال پہلے عصرِ حاضر کے ’’مہا گرو‘‘اور ’’استاذالاساتذہ ‘‘ Googleجس کے شاگرد قریہ قریہ ،کوچہ کوچہ ا ور یم بہ یم پائے جاتے ہیں ،سے پوچھا کہ انسان سیر گری پر سالانہ کتنا خرچ کرتا...
In this paper, based on the primary sources, an attempt has been made to discuss the contribution and services of Mawlānā Abū Yūsuf Muḥammad Sharīf (d. January 1951) commonly known as Faqīh-i-Ā‘ẓam and Muḥaddith-i-Koṯalwī in the field of Ḥadīth, the second most important source of Islamic Law. Mawlānā Muḥaddith-i-Koṯalwī having a deep insight in the Science of Ḥadīth has written extensively on this facet of Islamic learning. Mawlānā Abū Yūsuf Muḥammad Sharīf Muḥaddith-i-Koṯalwī through his fatāwā, articles, sermons and books done a great service for the Science of Ḥadīth. He has explained the five pillars of Islam and other rituals in the light of different āḥādīth. Being a Ḥanafī ‘ālim, Mawlānā Muḥaddith-i-Koṯalwī also proved that the Fiqh-i-Ḥanafī, the most popular fiqh among the South Asian Muslims, is in accordance with the authentic āḥādīth. He has also discussed the difference between a Ḥadīth and Sunnah.
This research thesis examines the impact of foreign remittances on household welfare. Primary data are used for this purpose. Data have been collected through questionnaires from 403 households in district Lower Dir, Pakistan. Randomly 35 villages were selected from the entire district for survey. Stratified Sampling Technique has been used for further selection of remittances receiving and non-remittances receiving households. Both types of households (remittances receiving and non-receiving households) are given equal share in total sample size. The study covers information about five main determinants of household welfare, i.e. education, wealth, food, poverty and health. OLS model is used for first three determinants (i.e. education, wealth and food) and Logit & Probit models have been used for last two determinants (i.e. poverty and health).The results indicate that remittances have a positive and significant impact on household education, wealth status and food consumption. Remittances raise the income level of remittances receiving households, which is further used for educational expenditures. Consequently, remittances receiving households spend more income on education than nonreceiving remittances households. Remittances and child’s enrolment in schools are positively correlated. In addition, remittances receiving households have been found with higher wealth status and having more assets than non-receiving households. Indeed, total monthly income has a positive and significant impact on household wealth score. The results show that increase in total monthly income leads to pushing up the wealth score of the household. A big share of incoming remittances is used for the purpose of food consumption. The results also conclude that remittances receiving households spend more than non-receiving households for food expenditures. On the other hand, results also show that 76% of the remittances receiving households are above the poverty line and only 8% non-receiving households are above the poverty line. It means that foreign remittances reduce household poverty level. If a household receives foreign remittances then it is more likely for them to be above the poverty line and less likely to be below poverty line. In other words, when a household turns from non-receiving to a receiving household its probability of being non-poor also rises. Results also concluded that 83% of remittances receiving households can fulfill the basic needs of healthcare (i.e. transportation cost on healthcare, hospital and doctor fee, diagnostic tests charges, medicine cost). On other hand, only 36% of remittances nonreceiving households can afford the needs of healthcare.The results establish positive relationship between foreign remittances and household’s health status. Remittances receiving households can easily fulfill the needs of healthcare. Moreover, remittances receiving households prefer private hospitals to government hospitals for their treatment. Conversely, remittances non-receiving households prefer medical facilities provided by the government instead of private hospitals.