سمندر کا قانون
سڑک کے ساحلی کنارے پر
چھوٹی مچھلیاں قسمت کی ریڑھی پر ضرورت کے کھلونے سجائے
کنڈی سے لالچ کا چارہ لگائے
قدرِ زر میں اضافے کے گُر آزما رہی ہیں
بڑی مچھلیاں سڑک کے سمندر میں
تیز رو گاڑیوں میں بہتی
ان کو اُچکتی، نگلتی اور روندتی
ہارن کے ڈکار بجاتی ہوئی
بے سمت سفر پر رواں ہیں
سمندر کا یہ قانون اب خشکی پر بھی چل رہا ہے
الٰہی کوئی سونامی۔۔۔۔!
کوئی صر صر۔۔۔۔!
کوئی انقلاب۔۔۔!
The foundation of the Sharia is revelation, revelation is the name of two things, the Qur'an and the Sunnah, since both are related to the news, and to convey the news to others, narrators are needed, so for the propagation of the Qur'an and the Sunnah to future generations. It was necessary to have narrators, the narrators of the Holy Qur'an are called Qira, the narrators of the Sunnah are called Muhaddith, the traditions of the Holy Qur'an are called 'Qara'at' and the traditions of the Sunnah are called 'Ahadith'.
Both the Qur'an and the Sunnah are revelations, but still there are some differences between them which are explained in detail in the Book of Principles. It was a difficult task, and the significant efforts made by the Muhadditheen in this regard were more famous and campaigned than the knowledge of al-Qaraat and recitation. He became famous with this, and some people even got the wrong impression that he had nothing to do with jurisprudence, and this wrong impression was reinforced by the behavior of the some Narrators.
In reasoning and deriving from the Sunnah, there were many disorders and factors that gave birth to different schools of jurisprudence. For example, a hadith revealed to an imam or a jurist during reasoning has a hidden reason that is not revealed to anyone else. Therefore, there is a difference in argumentation. Similarly, sometimes the hadeeth is correct in a certain issue in front of a jurist, while on the other hand, it is weak in the opinion of another, which leads to diversity in argumentation.
When the jurists differed in the derivation of the issues and rulings, in fact, these are cases of priority and non-priority, in which there is, however, scope that any position can be declared preferred based on arguments.
Keywords: Hadith, Muhaddithin, Jurisprudential Proverbs, School of Thoughts, Differences.
The objective of this study is to measure the level of heavy metals such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, Co, Fe and Mn in smokeless tobacco products (STPs), to know about the ingredients used in the manufacture of STPs, to estimate the potential risk by calculating the daily intake (DImetals) and target hazard quotients (THQ). The individual incremental cancer risk (ILTR) of various types of smokeless tobacco products (STPs) and population incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILTR) of selected age groups for consumption of inorganic Arsenic (iAs) were also calculated to excess the cancer risk associated with the smokeless tobacco products (STPs). Samples of STPs and their major ingredients were randomly collected from different markets of Karachi city (Pakistan) and classified into different categories. Samples were digested by using the nitric acid (HNO3) and analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The daily consumption of STPs was calculated by a questioner, which helped to estimate daily intake of metals (DImetals) and target hazard quotient (THQ) of metals. The high concentration of As, Cr, Se, Fe and Mn were found, while Cu, Ni, Pb and Co were found in low concentration in different STPs. The consumption of STPs obtained as 5.11 – 42.38, 7.67 – 98.55 and 6.39 – 108.46 g/day for the three age groups, below 20, between 21- 40 and above 40 years respectively. The average metal concentration and multivariate analysis indicate that the source of As, Cr, Se, Fe and Mn may be associated with processing of STPs or addition of additive raw ingredients. The high ingestion beyond the safe limit of Cu, Ni, Pb and Co is noted in regards to their consumption pattern. The total THQ (TTHQ) of studied categories of STPs exceeded the safe limit of >1 which indicates the health risk and the ILTR values for individual types of STPs and population ILTR of different age groups specifies the cancer risk associated with their excessive use.