سابق گورنر میر اکبر علی خاں
اتر پردیش اور اڑیسہ کے سابق گورنر میر اکبر علی خاں کی وفات ملک و ملت کا اہم حادثہ ہے، وہ تحریک خلافت اور آزادی کی جدوجہد میں شریک رہے، اسی زمانے سے مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی سے ان کے تعلقات تھے، وہ علامہ شبلیؒ اور سید صاحبؒ کے قدرداں اور دارالمصنفین سے بڑا اخلاص رکھتے تھے، جب اتر پردیش کے گورنر ہوئے تو اسے میزبانی کا شرف بھی بخشا اور ایک بڑی رقم مرحمت کی جس سے ایک بڑا ہال تعمیر ہوا، مرحوم ہماری پرانی تہذیب و شرافت کا نمونہ اور سچے مسلمان تھے، صوم و صلوٰۃ کے پابند تھے، دارالمصنفین میں ان کی تشریف آوری جمعہ کے دن ہوئی تھی، یہیں کی مسجد میں جمعہ کی نماز ادا کی، جب وہ اڑیسہ کے گورنر تھے تو اس زمانے میں ایک دفعہ میں کلکتہ گیا، گورنر ہاؤس میں عصرانہ تھا، جس میں وہ بھی شریک تھے، میں ملا تو بڑی شفقت و محبت سے پیش آئے اور دارالمصنفین کا ذکر خیر فرماتے رہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ انہیں جنت الفردوس نصیب کرے اور پسماندگان کو صبر جمیل عطا کرے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی،جولائی ۱۹۹۴ء)
Background: Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia that may play a key role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Objectives: To determine and compare glucose-insulin ratio in hyper-insulinemic women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome and healthy controls. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Lahore General Hospital. A total of 80 women 24-35 years of age were recruited from Lahore General Hospital. 50 women had PCOS, and 30 were healthy controls. PCOS was diagnosed by using the Rotterdam criteria. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured. Glucose and insulin were estimated by the glucose oxidase method and ELISA, respectively. HOMA-IR was calculated to determine insulin resistance (IR). HOMA- β was calculated to assess the β-cell function. Fasting glucose and insulin ratio were also calculated. Results: Mean age of the women with PCOS and healthy controls was 29.89±3.54 and 28.60±1.12 years, respectively (p>0.54). BMI and waist circumference of women with PCOS were higher compared to healthy controls (p>0.45). Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA- β, and IR were significantly higher in women with PCOS compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: In addition to HOMA IR, the glucose-insulin ratio may be considered to assess hyperinsulinemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
The purpose of the study was to understand the pedagogical beliefs of science teachers in professional nursing education. The study also sought to understand their personal, professional beliefs and how these beliefs influenced their practices. Demographic questionnaires, along with life history interviews and classroom observations were used as key methods for data collection; life-history is used as a methodological lens for in-depth exploration of participants’ lives.
Demographic data collected from 26 private, Pakistan Nursing Council (PNC) registered schools of nursing revealed that 71% of the science teachers were subject specialists with a masters’ degree in science, while the rest are doctors, engineers, pharmacists, and nurses.
Based on demographic findings three subject specialists, two female and one male were selected as participants. Three life- history interviews and three classroom observations were conducted for each participant. An analysis of interviews and classroom observation data revealed that the participants entered the professional teaching context with pedagogical beliefs that developed in two contexts, their own schooling and the out of school contexts. Both of these contexts influenced their pedagogical beliefs. All the participants were nurtured differently, went to different academic institutions, were exposed to different professional development opportunities, and worked in different contexts (academic and professional institutions). Their biographies revealed that these differences shaped their experiences, perceptions, and reasons according to the ways they lived their lives, and conceptualized and practiced teaching in professional schools.
The findings suggest a strong relationship between the science teachers’ experiences of teaching in professional nursing education and their developing pedagogies. The dynamic nature of their teaching and learning beliefs were affected by their personal, social, cultural, historical, and contextual influences. Participants’ understanding of the nature of science (NOS) was found to be one of the major influences in the pedagogical development and pedagogical beliefs. Cognitive dissonance was observed in their beliefs about the NOS and their reported and enacted teaching practices. The reported and the enacted beliefs of the participants imply that conceptually they are still holding a positivist view and hence positivist stance, but pedagogically they seemed inclined towards the constructivist views and positions.
It was interesting to find similarities between cases that were from different contexts, yet to find differences in their professional practices when they belonged to the same profession and had similar academic backgrounds.