Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Preparation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Orodispersible Tablets of Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide

Preparation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Orodispersible Tablets of Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide

Thesis Info

Author

Saba Rafiq

Supervisor

Muhammad Imran Khan

Program

MS

Institute

Riphah International University

Institute Type

Private

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

viii, 79 .: ill. ; 30 cm. + CD

Subject

Medicine & Health

Language

English

Other

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of philosophy in pharmacology; Includes bibliographic references; Thesis (MS)--Riphah International University, 2019; English language; Call No: 610 SAB

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676711720470

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

شبِ برات اور آتشبازی کی قبیح رسم

شب برات اور آتش بازی کی قبیح رسم
انسان کی ہمیشہ سے خواہش رہی ہے کہ کام تھوڑ ا کر نا پڑے اور اس کی مزدوری اور اُجرت زیادہ مل جائے۔ اللہ تعالیٰ نے بھی کچھ اوقات ایسے مقرر کیے ہیں کہ اس میں دین اسلام پر کار بند شخص تھوڑی سی عبادت کر کے ڈھیروں ثواب کما سکتے ہیں۔ ان اوقات میں لیلۃ القدر یعنی شب برات بھی ہے جو پندرہ شعبان المعظم کی رات ہے اور کروڑوں مسلمان اس رات میں شبِ بیدار ی کر کے اپنے پروردگار کے سامنے سر بسجدہ ہوتے ہیں اور اپنے گناہوں کی معافی کے طلبگار ہوتے ہیں۔ چنانچہ قرآن مجید میں ہے کہ:۔
’’حم قسم ہے کتاب مبین کی بیشک ہم نے اتارا ہے اسے ایک برکت والی رات میں بے شک ہم ڈر سنانے والے ہیں، اس رات ہرحکمت والا کا م بانٹ دیا جا تا ہے۔‘‘
تشریح! یہاں کتاب مبین سے مراد کلام اللہ یعنی قرآنِ مجید فرقانِ حمید ہے اگر چہ بعض مقامات پر اس سے مرادلوح محفوظ بھی ہے۔ نزولِ قرآن کی رات کی عظمت و فضیلت کو ظاہر کرنے لیے اللہ تعالیٰ نے قرآنِ مجید کی قسم ارشاد فرمائی۔ لیلۃ القدر برکتوں والی رات اس رات کے تعین میں مختلف اقوال ہیں لیکن عام طور پرد وقول زیادہ مشہور ہیں ایک تو یہ کہ اس سے مراد لیلۃ القدر ہے جو ماہ ِرمضان شریف میں آتی ہے۔ دوسرا قول یہ ہے کہ اس سے مراد شب ِبرات ہے جو شعبان المعظم کی پندرھویں رات ہے جیسا کہ تفسیر مظہری میں ہے۔ حضرت عکرمہصنے کہا کہ یہ پندرھویں شعبان کی رات ہے جس میں سال بھر کے امور لکھ دیئے جاتے ہیں جنہیں مرنا ہوتا ہے انہیں زندوں کی فہرست سے نکال دیا جاتا ہے پھر ان میں نہ زیادتی کی جاتی ہے نہ کمی۔

Multivariate Analysis of Rotifers Community from Safari Zoo Lake Lahore, Pakistan

Rotifers are zooplanktons that react more sharply to the environmental changes. Objective: To better understand the community composition of rotifers in Safari Zoo Lake, Lahore, PakistanMethods: wecollected 16 water samples on monthly basis, dividing lake into four major sites: northern, southern, eastern, and western sites. Each of these was further subdivided into four locations, for a total of 16 sampling sites. A total 23 rotifer species were recorded from the lake with Brachionus calyciflorus having maximum abundance. A species abundance curve was plotted between months and number of species of rotifers indicating their lowest and highest abundance through the study period. Results: A Cluster Analysis yielded three main groups of closely related species including species like Brachionus quadridentatus, Synchaeta stylata and Brachionus calyciflorusetc. We used a Principal Component Analysis (I and II) to study variation in the rotifer community on a seasonal basis and among sampling sites. A biplot of Principal Component Analysis (PCA I) reflected the relationship of rotifers with the months. Some of the species showed a positive positive relationship, while others showed negative one. PCA II was plotted between months and physico-chemical parameters showing their negative and positive relations. Conclusions: We conclude that a lesser replacement of fresh water, increased density of waterfowl, reptilia and solid waste left overduring boating has resulted in eutrophication of lake leading to overall low diversity of rotifers observed

Characterization of Indigenous Bacterial Strains Involved in the Production of Endo-Polygalacturonases

The current study was carried out to isolate indigenous bacteria for the production of endo-PG. Bacteria were isolated, purified and screened initially on the basis of morphology, pigment production, margins etc. Ten isolates were selected after the initial screening, which were identified from their 16S rRNA gene sequence. The ten isolates were named IEB-1 to IEB-10. DNA was isolated from the bacteria and 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR using universal primers like 27F and 1492R, which were modified for cloning in pTXB1. The PCR product was cloned in pTXB1 and the plasmids were sent for sequencing from University of Rochester Center of Genomics. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was blasted on NCBI nucleotide database. The isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilius, Exiguobacterium acetylicum, Bacillus pumilius, Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus licheniformis, Serratia rubidaea respectively from IEB-1 to IEB-9. Nucleotide blast of 16S rRNA gene sequence of IEB-10 showed less than 95% resemblances with many of the species. The selected ten bacterial isolates were then screened for the production of the endopolygalacturonase through different steps. Three isolates showed endo-PG activity. Two isolates were identified as Bacillus pumilus and one was identified as Bacillus licheniformis. The later one has already been reported to be endo-PG positive, but Bacillus pumilus has only been reported as pectinase positive but not as endo-PG positive. Gene sequence of endo-PG from B. pumilus has also not been reported earlier. Primers were designed on the basis of the glycoside hydrolase gene from B. pumilus. The PCR product of glycoside hydrolase was cloned in the double digested pTXB1 which was transformed in E. coliBL21competent cells. E. coli colonies containing the cloned “glycoside hydrolase” gene gave a positive pectinase plate screening assay. B. pumilus was used for the production and characterization of endo-PG. Citrus peals, reddish peals and apple peals were used as the only source of nutrients during liquid state fermentation for B. pumilus for the production of endo-PG to make its production cheaper. Response surface methodology (RSM) under central composite design (CCD) was used for the optimization of various parameters, for the production of the endo-PG, including temperature, pH, inoculum size, inoculum age, fermentation period and substrate water ratio. Three dimensional graphs and contour plots were prepared using JMP-12 software. The optimized results showed the best production of the endo-PG at 39 oC, pH of 7.03, 52 hours of fermentation period, 3.16 % substrate water ratio, 6.5mL of inoculum size having 16 hours of inoculum age. Different carbon, nitrogen sources, surfactants and mediators were used to check their effect on the endo-PG production. All of the carbon sources and some of the nitrogen sources gave negative effect on the production of endo-PG. Ca+2 and Zn+2 showed very negative effect on the endo-PG activity, while Mg+2 had not particular effect at its low concentrations, but higher concentrations of Mg+2 also gave negative effect on the endo-PG activity. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 7 and 40 oC. A concentration of 70% was found to be the optimum for the partial purification of the endo-PG. The dialyzed partially purified extract was applied to column chromatography for the further purification. The elution showing a positive endo-PG assay was run on the SDS-PAGE to check the purity and molecular weight of the protein. The stained SDS-PAGE gel showed a single band at 45kDa approximately.