سرآسوتوش مکرجی
گذشتہ ماہ کا سب سے بڑا علمی اور تعلیمی حادثہ سر آسوتوش مکر جی کی وفات ہے، بنگال کا یہ سپوت فرزند گو ایک نامور بیرسٹر، ایک قابل جج ہائیکورٹ، ایک بڑا مصنف، ایک مشہور ریاضی دان تھا، تاہم اس کی ناموری، قابلیت، بڑائی اور شہرت کا سب سے بڑا مظہر یہ تھا کہ اس نے تقریباً بیس برس تک ہندوستان کی سب سے بڑی درسگاہ کلکتہ یونیورسٹی پر بہ حیثیت وائس چانسلر سب سے عمدہ اور بہتر حکمرانی کی ان کی اس تعلیمی فرمان روائی کا زمانہ بنگال کی تعلیمی ترقی، اور امتحانات کی وسعت اور یونیورسٹی کے انتظامات کی خوبی اور معاملات تعلیمی میں حکومت کے مقابلہ میں پوری قوت کے ساتھ اپنے حقوق کی حفاظت کے لحاظ سے ہندوستان کا تعلیمی عہد زریں کہا جاسکتا ہے، موصوف نے اپنے بست سالہ عہد فرمان روائی میں یہ ثابت کردیاکہ جہاں تک یونیورسٹی کا تعلق ہے بنگال حکومت کی بے جا قید سے آزاد اور خود مختار ہے، ۲۹؍ مئی ۱۹۲۴ء ان کی وفات کا دن بنگال کے دائرہ تعلیم کے لیے ایک سانحہ عظیم ہے۔ (’’س‘‘، جون ۱۹۲۴ء)
Prisoners’ reintegration is the core concept of almost all penal systems in the world. One of the potent tools to ensure prisoners’ reintegration is effective network of religious services within prisons. This paper aims at exploring the role of religious interventions in the reintegration of prisoners with specific focus on Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KP) jails. Six high profile jails---Central Jail Peshawar, Haripur, Bannu, and District Jail Timergara, Mardan and Kohat of KP were purposively selected. Mixed methodology, more specifically concurrent triangulation technique, was used to collect and analyze the data. Of all 261 respondents, 250 comprised of jail inmates (under-trial and convicted adults and juveniles male prisoners) were randomly selected within the six jails of the province and interviewed through semi-structured questionnaire. The remaining 11 respondents, purposively selected and interviewed through interview-guide included jail officials of all the selected prisons (6 in numbers) and ex-prisoners (5 in numbers). It was found that a clear majority of the respondents considered religious interventions instrumental in accomplishing the goal of prisoners’ reintegration i.e, making them law abiding, productive, contributing and pro-social citizens. Many of the apparently incorrigible and potentially dangerous prisoners altered the course of their lives once they went through religious programs inside prisons. It was also discovered that in KP prisons, there was no effective network of chaplaincy services, and often these services were provided by self-motivated religious prisoners and rarely by the prison management with the collaboration of NGOs. Yet, the existing religious interventions had an extraordinary impact in terms of reforming the inmates. Hence, it is recommended that any prisons’ reform strategy must incorporate a well-designed framework of religious programs to transform criminals into an asset for society.
In Pakistan, offshore development is being carried out in most of the software development organizations. Agile methodology is being used in these organizations as their SDLC method to develop software. Scrum is one of the famous forms of agile which is equipped with light weight, better customer involvement/interaction and prototyping for review requirements engineering practices. These Scrum practices are contrary to old-fashioned requirements elicitation practices. Requirements elicitation using Scrum in this paradigm becomes more difficult during offshore development of a software system. Literature reports that the third most significant reason in failure of a project is elicitation of incomplete requirements. This study will examine different elicitation techniques which are used in Scrum Offshore development and will highlight the issues. Moreover, this study will also propose an appropriate framework using scrum elicitation technique for requirement capturing in offshore development. For the validation, the proposed framework technique will be tested in software industry.