کرنسی بنانے کا اختیار اور موجودہ کرنسی کی شرعی و فقہی حیثیت اور فقہا کی آرا

Who has the authority of making money in Islamic Law? What is the value of current currency? What is the historical back ground of present paper currency? In this article all these issues are taken up and analyzed in the light of opinions of various schools of  hought. 

The Role of Muslim Naval Force in the Modern Age In the Light of Islamic Teachings and History

The Role of Muslim Naval Force in the contemporary era with reference to Islamic Teachings and History has been critically and analytically evaluated in this research work. The significance and value of Naval Force of Islamic countries has come under discussion in scientific manners. In the first chapter, an attempt has been made to highlight the importance of Oceans in human life, in the light of the Holy Qur''an. As we are aware of the fact that two third of this earth consists of water, the remaining is the land. Moreover, this chapter elucidates pre-Islamic history of Naval Force in effective manners. Second chapter deals with the concept of Jihad in Islam. Different forms and manifestations of Jihad in Caliphate period have been discussed. The historical perspective of Muslim Navy and its beginning has been explained. In the third chapter, the golden period of Muslim Naval Force with special reference to Umayyad and Abbasids period have been studied. Fourth chapter discusses advancement of Muslim Navies under Fatimid and the Ottoman empires. The contribution of Turks and the conquest of Cordova have been critically evaluated. Different challenges during this period have also been described. In the last chapter, challenges to the Muslim Navies in general and to the Pakistan Navy in particular have been identified. The achievements of Pakistan Navy has also been highlighted and appreciated. Last but not least, recommendations and suggestions for the uplift and advancement of Muslim Navies have been discussed.